学术写作与文献综述

8. 文献综述清单与模板

用于规划和检查 literature review 的简明 worksheet。

8. 文献综述清单与模板

这一页是第 4 篇的配套 worksheet。第 4 篇负责解释逻辑，这一页负责把逻辑变成可以填写的表格。

学习目标

用完这一页，你应该能够：

把 topic 收窄成可写的 paper question
写出 literature review job，而不是只列文献主题
判断一个关系型题目应该怎样安排 LR 结构
把 theme 改写成 question chain 或 analytical claim
用自查问题发现自己的文献综述是否太散、太宽或太背景化

核心原则

这是一张工作纸，不是最终答案。先写粗一点，再逐步改细。
每一个空格都在逼你做一个写作决定。
填不出来的地方，往往就是你还没想清楚或文献还没读够的地方。
theme 不是关键词堆放，要能回答问题或支持判断。
最后的 gap 必须和前面的逻辑有关，不能凭空出现。

使用步骤

建议这样使用：

写作前先完成 Part 1 和 Part 2，明确题目和 review job。
读文献时同步更新 Part 3 到 Part 5，不要等读完才整理。
能看出重复 theme 后，再完成 Part 6。
写正式提纲前，用 Part 7 检查每一节是否真的有用。
初稿完成后，再回到“最后自查”部分逐条核对。

Part 1. 从 Topic 到 Paper Question

Broad topic:

Focal relationship / process / outcome:

Context / case / boundary:

Paper question in one sentence:

Why this question is feasible:

快速检查：

这个问题是否足够窄？
它是否明确了关系、过程或结果？
它是否有明确的 context 或 boundary？

Part 2. 从 Paper Question 推导 Literature Review Job

Paper question:

Main relationship / process / outcome:

Concepts that need clarification:

Likely mechanisms or explanations:

Important context or boundary:

Therefore, my literature review job is to:

句型：

Because my paper asks about ___, my literature review needs to explain how the literature defines ___, what it shows about ___, where findings differ, and why ___ matters for my study.

Part 3. 把关系型题目翻译成 LR 结构

这一部分不是一套额外方法，而是把 Part 1 和 Part 2 的结果继续展开成更系统的 LR 结构。很多商科题目表面上像 X -> Y in Z，但这里我们不直接照抄题目格式，而是把它翻译成更适合写作的主线。

不要默认直接写成：

X
Y
X 影响 Y
Z
gap

更稳的默认结构通常是：

研究问题与核心关系
核心概念澄清
关系证据的现状
机制或理论解释
情境或边界条件
gap

Focal factor / practice / condition:

Outcome:

Context / setting / boundary:

Which concept needs the most clarification:

Why this relationship matters:

What does the literature already say about the X-Y relationship:

What mechanism may explain how X influences Y:

Why might Z change, qualify, or narrow that relationship:

Therefore, my default LR order is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

快速检查：

我是不是把概念写成了孤立 glossary section？
“关系”本身是否出现得足够早？
context 是否真正进入了解释逻辑，而不是最后才补充？

Part 4. Theme 不是标签，而是问题链

弱的写法：

authenticity
trust
impulse buying
TikTok

更强的写法：

TikTok advertising 和 influencer marketing 是否应被视为同一种说服机制？
文献认为它们如何影响 impulse buying？
这种影响通过哪些机制发生？
为什么这一机制在特定人群中更强或不同？

Theme 1 answers this question:

Theme 2 answers this next question:

Why Theme 2 comes after Theme 1:

Theme 3 answers this next question:

Why Theme 3 comes after Theme 2:

What unresolved issue remains after these themes:

This becomes my gap:

Part 5. 把同一条主线写成更适合商管题目的应用化顺序

当题目更像 business management empirical question 时，可以把同一条 LR 主线写成一个更适合商管题目的应用化版本：

Paper question:

Review job:

1. Macro field and practical relevance
- What recent shift, pressure, or business problem makes this question important now?

2. Core constructs
- Which concepts need clarification?
- What are they often confused with?

3. Mechanism or theory
- Why should X influence Y?
- Which theory or mechanism helps explain the process?

4. Outcome, context, and boundary conditions
- What result is the literature trying to explain?
- Why might the effect differ in Z?

5. Gap and study positioning
- What remains underexplained?
- What exactly will my paper add?

提醒：

宏观背景要短，它的作用是建立 relevance，不是写成长篇行业介绍。
每一层都必须 review literature，而不是只介绍 topic。
gap 应该从前面的结构自然收束出来，而不是最后突然加一句。

Part 6. Section Order Planning

Section 1:
- What question does this section answer?
- Main claim:
- Key studies:
- Internal logic:

Section 2:
- What question does this section answer?
- Main claim:
- Key studies:
- Internal logic:

Section 3:
- What question does this section answer?
- Main claim:
- Key studies:
- Internal logic:

Gap:
- What is missing, weak, inconsistent, or underexplained?
- Why does that matter?

Transition to my study:
- What exactly does my paper examine?
- How does it respond to the gap?