[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3248},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation_docs":3,"learnalog_locale_counterpart__en_microeconomics_12-review":1782,"-zh-microeconomics-12-review":1783,"-zh-microeconomics-12-review-surround":3243},[4,1038],{"title":5,"path":6,"stem":7,"children":8},"En","\u002Fen","en",[9,12,58,250,406,477,534,715,798,824,943],{"title":10,"path":6,"stem":11},"","en\u002Findex",{"title":13,"path":14,"stem":15,"children":16},"Research Skills and Academic Writing","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002Findex",[17,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54],{"title":13,"path":14,"stem":15},{"title":19,"path":20,"stem":21},"1. Research Questions, Scope, and Feasibility","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F01-research-questions-and-planning","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F01-research-questions-and-planning",{"title":23,"path":24,"stem":25},"2. Search, Evaluate, and Read Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix",{"title":27,"path":28,"stem":29},"3. From Sources to Synthesis and Argument","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs",{"title":31,"path":32,"stem":33},"4. Literature Review and a Defensible Gap","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":35,"path":36,"stem":37},"5. Research Design, Evidence, and Core Sections","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence",{"title":39,"path":40,"stem":41},"6. Citation, Paraphrasing, Integrity, and AI","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity",{"title":43,"path":44,"stem":45},"7. Revision, Review, and Submission","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission",{"title":47,"path":48,"stem":49},"8. Research Workbook","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":51,"path":52,"stem":53},"9. Research Workflow and Tools","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management",{"title":55,"path":56,"stem":57},"10. Worked Project — From Question to Defensible Conclusion","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain",{"title":59,"path":60,"stem":61,"children":62,"page":249},"Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting","en\u002Faccounting",[63,69,87,93,193],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66,"children":67},"Accounting — From Evidence to Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index","en\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index",[68],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66},{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72,"children":73},"Accounting Appendix","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[74,75,79,83],{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72},{"title":76,"path":77,"stem":78},"Worked Examples and Error Diagnosis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls",{"title":80,"path":81,"stem":82},"Accounting Glossary","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary",{"title":84,"path":85,"stem":86},"Reading and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map",{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90,"children":91},"Northstar Record-to-Decision Capstone","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[92],{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90},{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96,"children":97},"Financial Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002Findex",[98,99,117,131,165,179],{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96},{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102,"children":103},"1. Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002Findex",[104,105,109,113],{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102},{"title":106,"path":107,"stem":108},"Objectives and Qualitative Characteristics","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics",{"title":110,"path":111,"stem":112},"Equation and Elements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements",{"title":114,"path":115,"stem":116},"Accrual Basis, Estimates and Periods","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles",{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120,"children":121},"2. Recording Transactions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002Findex",[122,123,127],{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120},{"title":124,"path":125,"stem":126},"Double-Entry and Debit\u002FCredit","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr",{"title":128,"path":129,"stem":130},"Accounting Cycle","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle",{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134,"children":135},"3. Measurement and Adjustments","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002Findex",[136,137,141,145,149,153,157,161],{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134},{"title":138,"path":139,"stem":140},"Revenue Recognition","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144},"Inventory","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory",{"title":146,"path":147,"stem":148},"Receivables and Expected Credit Losses","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables",{"title":150,"path":151,"stem":152},"Property, Plant and Equipment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe",{"title":154,"path":155,"stem":156},"Intangible Assets","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles",{"title":158,"path":159,"stem":160},"Leases","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases",{"title":162,"path":163,"stem":164},"Current and Deferred Income Tax","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax",{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168,"children":169},"4. Reporting and Cash","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002Findex",[170,171,175],{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168},{"title":172,"path":173,"stem":174},"Linked Financial Statements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements",{"title":176,"path":177,"stem":178},"Cash, Reconciliation and Internal Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control",{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182,"children":183},"5. Analysis and Comparison","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002Findex",[184,185,189],{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182},{"title":186,"path":187,"stem":188},"Ratio Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis",{"title":190,"path":191,"stem":192},"IFRS versus US GAAP","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap",{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196,"children":197},"Management Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002Findex",[198,199,217,235],{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196},{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"children":203},"1. Cost Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002Findex",[204,205,209,213],{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202},{"title":206,"path":207,"stem":208},"Cost Concepts and Behaviour","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts",{"title":210,"path":211,"stem":212},"Costing Systems","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems",{"title":214,"path":215,"stem":216},"Variable and Absorption Costing","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption",{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220,"children":221},"2. Planning and Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002Findex",[222,223,227,231],{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220},{"title":224,"path":225,"stem":226},"Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis",{"title":228,"path":229,"stem":230},"Budgeting and Variance Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances",{"title":232,"path":233,"stem":234},"Performance Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement",{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238,"children":239},"3. Decisions and Investment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002Findex",[240,241,245],{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238},{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244},"Short-Term Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions",{"title":246,"path":247,"stem":248},"Capital Budgeting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting",false,{"title":251,"path":252,"stem":253,"children":254,"page":249},"Business Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics",[255,261,279,305,335,365,383,400],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258,"children":259},"Business Analytics — From Data to Defensible Action","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index",[260],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258},{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264,"children":265},"0. Decision and Data Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[266,267,271,275],{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264},{"title":268,"path":269,"stem":270},"Decision Framing","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing",{"title":272,"path":273,"stem":274},"Data Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts",{"title":276,"path":277,"stem":278},"Reproducible Analytics Workflow","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow",{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282,"children":283},"1. Descriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002Findex",[284,285,289,293,297,301],{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282},{"title":286,"path":287,"stem":288},"Distributions and Exploratory Data Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda",{"title":290,"path":291,"stem":292},"KPIs and Denominators","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators",{"title":294,"path":295,"stem":296},"Segments, Cohorts and Funnels","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels",{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300},"Visual Evidence and Data Stories","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story",{"title":302,"path":303,"stem":304},"Experiments and Causal Boundaries","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary",{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308,"children":309},"2. Predictive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002Findex",[310,311,315,319,323,327,331],{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308},{"title":312,"path":313,"stem":314},"Validation, Baselines and Leakage","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage",{"title":316,"path":317,"stem":318},"Regression and Forecasting","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting",{"title":320,"path":321,"stem":322},"Classification and Calibration","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration",{"title":324,"path":325,"stem":326},"Trees and Ensembles","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles",{"title":328,"path":329,"stem":330},"Decision Metrics and Thresholds","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds",{"title":332,"path":333,"stem":334},"Explainability, Monitoring and Drift","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift",{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338,"children":339},"3. Prescriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002Findex",[340,341,345,349,353,357,361],{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338},{"title":342,"path":343,"stem":344},"Decision-Making under Uncertainty","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty",{"title":346,"path":347,"stem":348},"Linear Optimisation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization",{"title":350,"path":351,"stem":352},"Inventory and Allocation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356},"Queueing and Simulation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360},"Pricing and Revenue Management","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364},"Causal Targeting and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"children":369},"4. Deployment and Governance","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002Findex",[370,371,375,379],{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368},{"title":372,"path":373,"stem":374},"Data Products and Monitoring","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Governance, Fairness and Privacy","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy",{"title":380,"path":381,"stem":382},"Adoption and Business Value","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value",{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386,"children":387},"Appendix and Revision Tools","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[388,389,393,397],{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386},{"title":390,"path":391,"stem":392},"Formula and Decision Map","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map",{"title":394,"path":395,"stem":396},"Worked Examples and Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls",{"title":84,"path":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403,"children":404},"Capstone — The Evening Delivery Promise","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[405],{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409,"children":410,"page":249},"Financial Economic Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series",[411,417,423,429,435,441,447,453,459,465,471],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414,"children":415},"Financial and Economic Time Series — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[416],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414},{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420,"children":421},"Three Versions of Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge\u002Findex",[422],{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426,"children":427},"Data, Clocks, and Transformations","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations\u002Findex",[428],{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426},{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432,"children":433},"Predictive Regressions and Persistent Predictors","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions\u002Findex",[434],{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438,"children":439},"Volatility, Tails, and Financial Risk","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk\u002Findex",[440],{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438},{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444,"children":445},"Unit Roots, Cointegration, and Error Correction","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration\u002Findex",[446],{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450,"children":451},"VAR, Structural Identification, and Local Projections","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification\u002Findex",[452],{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450},{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456,"children":457},"State Space, Mixed Frequency, and Nowcasting","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting\u002Findex",[458],{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462,"children":463},"Forecast Evaluation for Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation\u002Findex",[464],{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462},{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468,"children":469},"Integrated R Laboratory","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory\u002Findex",[470],{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468},{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474,"children":475},"Capstones, Data, and Reading Ladder","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings\u002Findex",[476],{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474},{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480,"children":481,"page":249},"Intro To Economics","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics","en\u002Fintro-to-economics",[482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530],{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Introduction to Economics — Decisions, Markets, and the Macroeconomy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Chapter 1 — Choice, Opportunity Cost, and Trade","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Chapter 2 — Demand, Supply, Equilibrium, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Chapter 3 — Elasticity, Revenue, and Tax Incidence","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Chapter 4 — Firms, Market Power, and Market Failure","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Chapter 5 — GDP, Income, Wealth, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Chapter 6 — Inflation, Purchasing Power, and Labour Markets","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"Chapter 7 — Productivity, Technology, and Economic Growth","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"Chapter 8 — Money, Credit, and Banking","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Chapter 9 — Business Cycles, AD–AS, and Monetary Policy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Chapter 10 — Fiscal Policy, Distribution, and Public Debt","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},"Chapter 11 — Trade, Capital Flows, and Exchange Rates","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates",{"title":531,"path":532,"stem":533},"Chapter 12 — Integrated Economic Analysis Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies",{"title":535,"path":536,"stem":537,"children":538,"page":249},"Microeconometrics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics",[539,557,563,581,603,629,651,673,691,709],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542,"children":543},"0. Causal Questions and Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002Findex",[544,545,549,553],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542},{"title":546,"path":547,"stem":548},"Causal Questions and Estimands","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands",{"title":550,"path":551,"stem":552},"Potential Outcomes and Experiments","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments",{"title":554,"path":555,"stem":556},"Causal Diagrams and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls",{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560,"children":561},"Microeconometrics — Designing Credible Counterfactuals","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index",[562],{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560},{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566,"children":567},"1. Regression and Inference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002Findex",[568,569,573,577],{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566},{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"OLS as a Projection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"FWL, Selection and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Inference and Clustering","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584,"children":585},"2. Instruments and Panel Data","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002Findex",[586,587,591,595,599],{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},{"title":588,"path":589,"stem":590},"Instrumental Variables","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification",{"title":592,"path":593,"stem":594},"Weak Instruments and LATE","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late",{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598},"Panel Fixed Effects","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects",{"title":600,"path":601,"stem":602},"Dynamic Panels and Limits","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"children":607},"3. Policy Evaluation Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002Findex",[608,609,613,617,621,625],{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606},{"title":610,"path":611,"stem":612},"Difference-in-Differences","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core",{"title":614,"path":615,"stem":616},"Staggered DID and Event Studies","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies",{"title":618,"path":619,"stem":620},"Regression Discontinuity","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd",{"title":622,"path":623,"stem":624},"Matching, Weighting and Overlap","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting",{"title":626,"path":627,"stem":628},"Synthetic Control","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control",{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632,"children":633},"Module 4 — Choice and Limited Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002Findex",[634,635,639,643,647],{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632},{"title":636,"path":637,"stem":638},"Binary Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice",{"title":640,"path":641,"stem":642},"Multinomial and Ordered Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice",{"title":644,"path":645,"stem":646},"Count Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes",{"title":648,"path":649,"stem":650},"Censoring, Truncation and Selection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection",{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655},"Module 5 — Modern Causal Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002Findex",[656,657,661,665,669],{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654},{"title":658,"path":659,"stem":660},"Double Machine Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml",{"title":662,"path":663,"stem":664},"Heterogeneity and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy",{"title":666,"path":667,"stem":668},"Sensitivity and Partial Identification","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672},"External Validity and Transport","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity",{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676,"children":677},"Module 6 — From Data to Auditable Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002Findex",[678,679,683,687],{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676},{"title":680,"path":681,"stem":682},"Data Provenance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance",{"title":684,"path":685,"stem":686},"Reproducibility and Reporting","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting",{"title":688,"path":689,"stem":690},"Paper and Evidence Audit","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit",{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694,"children":695},"Appendix — Revision and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[696,697,701,705],{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694},{"title":698,"path":699,"stem":700},"Formula and Design Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map",{"title":702,"path":703,"stem":704},"Ten Worked Microeconometric Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls",{"title":706,"path":707,"stem":708},"Reading and Software Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map",{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712,"children":713},"Capstone — Should Northbridge Expand Pathways?","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[714],{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712},{"title":716,"path":717,"stem":718,"children":719,"page":249},"Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics",[720,726,732,738,744,750,756,762,768,774,780,786,792],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723,"children":724},"Advanced Microeconomics — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[725],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723},{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729,"children":730},"Module 1 — Choice, Duality, and Revealed Preference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations\u002Findex",[731],{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735,"children":736},"Module 2 — Comparative Statics and Welfare Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics\u002Findex",[737],{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735},{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741,"children":742},"Module 3 — Choice under Risk and Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty\u002Findex",[743],{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741},{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747,"children":748},"Module 4 — General Equilibrium and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium\u002Findex",[749],{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747},{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753,"children":754},"Module 5 — Static, Dynamic, and Repeated Games","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory\u002Findex",[755],{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753},{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759,"children":760},"Module 6 — Oligopoly, Entry, and Algorithmic Pricing","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly\u002Findex",[761],{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759},{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765,"children":766},"Module 7 — Information Economics and Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics\u002Findex",[767],{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765},{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771,"children":772},"Module 8 — Mechanism Design and Auctions","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design\u002Findex",[773],{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771},{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777,"children":778},"Module 9 — Behavioural and Experimental Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics\u002Findex",[779],{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777},{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783,"children":784},"Module 10 — Externalities, Public Goods, and Collective Action","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods\u002Findex",[785],{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783},{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"children":790},"Module 11 — Matching and Market Design","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design\u002Findex",[791],{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789},{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796},"Module 12 — Integrated Microeconomic Design Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex",[797],{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795},{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801,"children":802},"Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground","en\u002Fplayground\u002Findex",[803,804,808,812,816,820],{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801},{"title":805,"path":806,"stem":807},"Typst Plugin Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex","en\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex",{"title":809,"path":810,"stem":811},"Citation Plugin Test","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation","en\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation",{"title":813,"path":814,"stem":815},"Pyodide Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide","en\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide",{"title":817,"path":818,"stem":819},"WebR Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr","en\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr",{"title":821,"path":822,"stem":823},"Chart.js Visualizations","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs","en\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs",{"title":825,"path":826,"stem":827,"children":828,"page":249},"Statistics For Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance",[829,835,857,883,905,927,937],{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832,"children":833},"Statistics for General Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F01-intro","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F01-intro\u002Findex",[834],{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832},{"title":836,"path":837,"stem":838,"children":839},"Claims Development and Reserving","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002Findex",[840,841,845,849,853],{"title":836,"path":837,"stem":838},{"title":842,"path":843,"stem":844},"Basic Chain Ladder","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F01-basic-chain","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F01-basic-chain",{"title":846,"path":847,"stem":848},"Frequency–Severity Reserving","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F02-average-per-claim","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F02-average-per-claim",{"title":850,"path":851,"stem":852},"Bornhuetter–Ferguson Method","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F03-b-f-method","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F03-b-f-method",{"title":854,"path":855,"stem":856},"Uncertainty and Diagnostics","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F04-uncertainty-diagnostics","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F04-uncertainty-diagnostics",{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860,"children":861},"Frequency and Severity Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002Findex",[862,863,867,871,875,879],{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860},{"title":864,"path":865,"stem":866},"Core Severity Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F01-loss-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F01-loss-dist",{"title":868,"path":869,"stem":870},"Tail Models and Extreme Values","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F02-more-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F02-more-dist",{"title":872,"path":873,"stem":874},"Claim Count Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F03-case-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F03-case-dist",{"title":876,"path":877,"stem":878},"Fitting and Validating Loss Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F04-fit-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F04-fit-dist",{"title":880,"path":881,"stem":882},"Mixtures and Heterogeneity","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F05-mix-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F05-mix-dist",{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886,"children":887},"Reinsurance as a Loss Transformation","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002Findex",[888,889,893,897,901],{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886},{"title":890,"path":891,"stem":892},"Proportional Reinsurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F01-proportional","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F01-proportional",{"title":894,"path":895,"stem":896},"Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F02-excess","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F02-excess",{"title":898,"path":899,"stem":900},"Inflation and Layer Erosion","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F03-inflation","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F03-inflation",{"title":902,"path":903,"stem":904},"Reinsurance Decision Lab","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F04-examples","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F04-examples",{"title":906,"path":907,"stem":908,"children":909},"Aggregate Risk and Capital","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002Findex",[910,911,915,919,923],{"title":906,"path":907,"stem":908},{"title":912,"path":913,"stem":914},"Collective Risk Model","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F01-collective","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F01-collective",{"title":916,"path":917,"stem":918},"Individual Risk Model","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F02-individual","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F02-individual",{"title":920,"path":921,"stem":922},"Aggregate Risk Computation Lab","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F03-examples","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F03-examples",{"title":924,"path":925,"stem":926},"Tail Risk, Dependence, and Capital","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F04-tail-capital","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F04-tail-capital",{"title":928,"path":929,"stem":930,"children":931},"Surplus and Ruin Theory","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory\u002Findex",[932,933],{"title":928,"path":929,"stem":930},{"title":934,"path":935,"stem":936},"Finite-Time Ruin Simulation","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory\u002F01-finite-time-simulation","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory\u002F01-finite-time-simulation",{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940,"children":941},"Portfolio Risk Capstone","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F07-capstone","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F07-capstone\u002Findex",[942],{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940},{"title":944,"path":945,"stem":946,"children":947,"page":249},"Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series","en\u002Ftime-series",[948,958,964,970,976,982,988,994,1016],{"title":949,"path":950,"stem":951,"children":952},"Classical Time Series — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[953,954],{"title":949,"path":950,"stem":951},{"title":955,"path":956,"stem":957},"Preparation — Stationarity in 30 Minutes","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro\u002F01-stationary","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro\u002F01-stationary",{"title":959,"path":960,"stem":961,"children":962},"Module 1 — Processes, Dependence, and Stationarity","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F01-stochastic-process","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F01-stochastic-process\u002Findex",[963],{"title":959,"path":960,"stem":961},{"title":965,"path":966,"stem":967,"children":968},"Module 2 — ARMA, ARIMA, and Model Identification","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F02-arma","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F02-arma\u002Findex",[969],{"title":965,"path":966,"stem":967},{"title":971,"path":972,"stem":973,"children":974},"Module 3 — Linear Prediction and State-Space Recursions","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F03-prediction","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F03-prediction\u002Findex",[975],{"title":971,"path":972,"stem":973},{"title":977,"path":978,"stem":979,"children":980},"Module 4 — Estimation, Likelihood, and Inference","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F04-estimation","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F04-estimation\u002Findex",[981],{"title":977,"path":978,"stem":979},{"title":983,"path":984,"stem":985,"children":986},"Module 5 — Systems, Seasonality, and Cointegration","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F05-multi-ar","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F05-multi-ar\u002Findex",[987],{"title":983,"path":984,"stem":985},{"title":989,"path":990,"stem":991,"children":992},"Module 6 — Spectral Analysis, Cycles, and Filters","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F06-spectral-analysis","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F06-spectral-analysis\u002Findex",[993],{"title":989,"path":990,"stem":991},{"title":995,"path":996,"stem":997,"children":998},"R Matrix Laboratory","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002Findex",[999,1000,1004,1008,1012],{"title":995,"path":996,"stem":997},{"title":1001,"path":1002,"stem":1003},"R Matrix Lab 1 — Covariance Geometry","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F01-covariance-matrices","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F01-covariance-matrices",{"title":1005,"path":1006,"stem":1007},"R Matrix Lab 2 — AR Recursions and Yule–Walker Equations","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F02-ar-recursions","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F02-ar-recursions",{"title":1009,"path":1010,"stem":1011},"R Matrix Lab 3 — Prediction and Gaussian Likelihood","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F03-prediction-likelihood","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F03-prediction-likelihood",{"title":1013,"path":1014,"stem":1015},"R Matrix Lab 4 — State Space and Kalman Filtering","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F04-state-space","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F04-state-space",{"title":1017,"path":1018,"stem":1019,"children":1020},"Optional Python Appendix — Empirical Forecasting","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002Findex",[1021,1022,1026,1030,1034],{"title":1017,"path":1018,"stem":1019},{"title":1023,"path":1024,"stem":1025},"Optional Python Lab 1 — Explore Before Modeling","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F01-exploration","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F01-exploration",{"title":1027,"path":1028,"stem":1029},"Optional Python Lab 2 — Diagnose Stationarity","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F02-stationarity","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F02-stationarity",{"title":1031,"path":1032,"stem":1033},"Optional Python Lab 3 — Fit and Audit ARMA Errors","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F03-arma-fitting","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F03-arma-fitting",{"title":1035,"path":1036,"stem":1037},"Optional Python Lab 4 — Forecast, Backtest, and Monitor","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F04-forecasting","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F04-forecasting",{"title":1039,"path":1040,"stem":1041,"children":1042},"Zh","\u002Fzh","zh",[1043,1045,1063,1247,1323,1365,1421,1467,1543,1625,1633,1731],{"title":10,"path":1040,"stem":1044},"zh\u002Findex",{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048,"children":1049},"学术写作与文献综述","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002Findex",[1050,1051,1055,1059],{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048},{"title":1052,"path":1053,"stem":1054},"4. 文献综述的构建与写作","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":1056,"path":1057,"stem":1058},"8. 文献综述清单与模板","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":1060,"path":1061,"stem":1062},"10. 从分块结构到问题链：文献综述示例","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-从分块结构到问题链-文献综述示例","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-从分块结构到问题链-文献综述示例",{"title":59,"path":1064,"stem":1065,"children":1066,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting","zh\u002Faccounting",[1067,1073,1087,1191],{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070,"children":1071},"会计学学习路线图","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index","zh\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index",[1072],{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070},{"title":1074,"path":1075,"stem":1076,"children":1077},"附录","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[1078,1079,1083],{"title":1074,"path":1075,"stem":1076},{"title":1080,"path":1081,"stem":1082},"综合示例与常见陷阱","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls",{"title":1084,"path":1085,"stem":1086},"会计术语速查表","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary",{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090,"children":1091},"金融会计","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002Findex",[1092,1093,1111,1125,1159,1173],{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090},{"title":1094,"path":1095,"stem":1096,"children":1097},"1. 基础","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002Findex",[1098,1099,1103,1107],{"title":1094,"path":1095,"stem":1096},{"title":1100,"path":1101,"stem":1102},"会计信息目标与质量特征","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics",{"title":1104,"path":1105,"stem":1106},"会计等式与要素","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements",{"title":1108,"path":1109,"stem":1110},"记账基础与原则","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles",{"title":1112,"path":1113,"stem":1114,"children":1115},"2. 交易记录","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002Findex",[1116,1117,1121],{"title":1112,"path":1113,"stem":1114},{"title":1118,"path":1119,"stem":1120},"复式记账与借贷规则","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr",{"title":1122,"path":1123,"stem":1124},"会计循环","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle",{"title":1126,"path":1127,"stem":1128,"children":1129},"3. 计量与调整","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002Findex",[1130,1131,1135,1139,1143,1147,1151,1155],{"title":1126,"path":1127,"stem":1128},{"title":1132,"path":1133,"stem":1134},"收入确认","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition",{"title":1136,"path":1137,"stem":1138},"存货","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory",{"title":1140,"path":1141,"stem":1142},"应收账款","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables",{"title":1144,"path":1145,"stem":1146},"固定资产","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe",{"title":1148,"path":1149,"stem":1150},"无形资产","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles",{"title":1152,"path":1153,"stem":1154},"租赁","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases",{"title":1156,"path":1157,"stem":1158},"所得税","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax",{"title":1160,"path":1161,"stem":1162,"children":1163},"4. 报表与现金","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002Findex",[1164,1165,1169],{"title":1160,"path":1161,"stem":1162},{"title":1166,"path":1167,"stem":1168},"财务报表","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements",{"title":1170,"path":1171,"stem":1172},"现金控制","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control",{"title":1174,"path":1175,"stem":1176,"children":1177},"5. 分析与比较","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002Findex",[1178,1179,1183,1187],{"title":1174,"path":1175,"stem":1176},{"title":1180,"path":1181,"stem":1182},"财务比率分析","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis",{"title":1184,"path":1185,"stem":1186},"IFRS 与 US GAAP 对比","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap",{"title":1188,"path":1189,"stem":1190},"2026 准则更新与报告案例","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F27-current-standards-2026","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F27-current-standards-2026",{"title":1192,"path":1193,"stem":1194,"children":1195},"管理会计","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002Findex",[1196,1197,1215,1233],{"title":1192,"path":1193,"stem":1194},{"title":1198,"path":1199,"stem":1200,"children":1201},"1. 成本基础","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002Findex",[1202,1203,1207,1211],{"title":1198,"path":1199,"stem":1200},{"title":1204,"path":1205,"stem":1206},"成本概念","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts",{"title":1208,"path":1209,"stem":1210},"成本核算系统","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems",{"title":1212,"path":1213,"stem":1214},"变动成本法 vs. 吸收成本法","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption",{"title":1216,"path":1217,"stem":1218,"children":1219},"2. 计划与控制","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002Findex",[1220,1221,1225,1229],{"title":1216,"path":1217,"stem":1218},{"title":1222,"path":1223,"stem":1224},"本量利分析","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis",{"title":1226,"path":1227,"stem":1228},"预算与差异分析","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances",{"title":1230,"path":1231,"stem":1232},"绩效评价","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement",{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236,"children":1237},"3. 决策与投资","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002Findex",[1238,1239,1243],{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236},{"title":1240,"path":1241,"stem":1242},"短期决策","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions",{"title":1244,"path":1245,"stem":1246},"资本预算","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting",{"title":1248,"path":1249,"stem":1250,"children":1251},"资产定价理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002Findex",[1252,1253,1259,1265,1271,1277,1283,1289,1295,1301,1307,1313,1319],{"title":1248,"path":1249,"stem":1250},{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256,"children":1257},"第一章：引言与基础","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F01-intro","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F01-intro\u002Findex",[1258],{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},{"title":1260,"path":1261,"stem":1262,"children":1263},"第二章：效用理论与风险偏好","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F02-utility","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F02-utility\u002Findex",[1264],{"title":1260,"path":1261,"stem":1262},{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268,"children":1269},"第三章：均值-方差分析","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F03-mean-variance","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F03-mean-variance\u002Findex",[1270],{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},{"title":1272,"path":1273,"stem":1274,"children":1275},"第四章：资本资产定价模型(CAPM)","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F04-capm","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F04-capm\u002Findex",[1276],{"title":1272,"path":1273,"stem":1274},{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280,"children":1281},"第五章：因子模型","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F05-factor-models","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F05-factor-models\u002Findex",[1282],{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},{"title":1284,"path":1285,"stem":1286,"children":1287},"第六章：跨期资产定价","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F06-intertemporal","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F06-intertemporal\u002Findex",[1288],{"title":1284,"path":1285,"stem":1286},{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293},"第七章：期权定价理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F07-options","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F07-options\u002Findex",[1294],{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292},{"title":1296,"path":1297,"stem":1298,"children":1299},"第八章：固定收益证券","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F08-fixed-income","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F08-fixed-income\u002Findex",[1300],{"title":1296,"path":1297,"stem":1298},{"title":1302,"path":1303,"stem":1304,"children":1305},"第九章：市场有效性与异象","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F09-efficiency","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F09-efficiency\u002Findex",[1306],{"title":1302,"path":1303,"stem":1304},{"title":1308,"path":1309,"stem":1310,"children":1311},"第十章：数值方法与实证应用","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F10-empirical","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F10-empirical\u002Findex",[1312],{"title":1308,"path":1309,"stem":1310},{"title":1314,"path":1315,"stem":1316,"children":1317},"第十一章：资产定价浏览器交互实验","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F11-interactive-labs","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F11-interactive-labs\u002Findex",[1318],{"title":1314,"path":1315,"stem":1316},{"title":1320,"path":1321,"stem":1322},"第十二章：前沿文献与现代资产定价案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":1324,"path":1325,"stem":1326,"children":1327},"计量经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002Findex",[1328,1329,1333,1337,1341,1345,1349,1353,1357,1361],{"title":1324,"path":1325,"stem":1326},{"title":1330,"path":1331,"stem":1332},"第一章：数据、概率与回归对象","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F01-data-and-regression","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F01-data-and-regression",{"title":1334,"path":1335,"stem":1336},"第二章：OLS、矩阵与几何解释","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F02-ols-and-geometry","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F02-ols-and-geometry",{"title":1338,"path":1339,"stem":1340},"第三章：统计推断与稳健标准误","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F03-inference-and-robustness","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F03-inference-and-robustness",{"title":1342,"path":1343,"stem":1344},"第四章：内生性、工具变量与两阶段最小二乘","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F04-endogeneity-and-iv","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F04-endogeneity-and-iv",{"title":1346,"path":1347,"stem":1348},"第五章：面板数据与时间序列","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F05-panel-and-time-series","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F05-panel-and-time-series",{"title":1350,"path":1351,"stem":1352},"第六章：估计方法与因果设计的共同基础","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F06-estimation-and-causal-design","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F06-estimation-and-causal-design",{"title":1354,"path":1355,"stem":1356},"第七章：可重复计量实证项目","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F07-reproducible-project","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F07-reproducible-project",{"title":1358,"path":1359,"stem":1360},"第八章：计量经济学浏览器回归实验","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F08-interactive-regression-labs","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F08-interactive-regression-labs",{"title":1362,"path":1363,"stem":1364},"第九章：前沿文献与现代计量案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F09-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F09-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":478,"path":1366,"stem":1367,"children":1368,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics",[1369,1373,1377,1381,1385,1389,1393,1397,1401,1405,1409,1413,1417],{"title":1370,"path":1371,"stem":1372},"经济学导论 (微观与宏观)","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro",{"title":1374,"path":1375,"stem":1376},"第1章：经济学基础原理","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations",{"title":1378,"path":1379,"stem":1380},"第2章：需求与供给","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply",{"title":1382,"path":1383,"stem":1384},"第3章：弹性","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity",{"title":1386,"path":1387,"stem":1388},"第4章：市场结构","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures",{"title":1390,"path":1391,"stem":1392},"第5章：GDP 与财富","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth",{"title":1394,"path":1395,"stem":1396},"第6章：通货膨胀与失业","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment",{"title":1398,"path":1399,"stem":1400},"第7章：经济增长","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth",{"title":1402,"path":1403,"stem":1404},"第8章：货币与银行","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking",{"title":1406,"path":1407,"stem":1408},"第9章：货币政策与 AD-AS 模型","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as",{"title":1410,"path":1411,"stem":1412},"第10章：财政政策","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy",{"title":1414,"path":1415,"stem":1416},"第11章：开放经济与汇率","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates",{"title":1418,"path":1419,"stem":1420},"第12章：综合复习与案例分析","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies",{"title":1422,"path":1423,"stem":1424,"children":1425},"宏观经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002Findex",[1426,1427,1431,1435,1439,1443,1447,1451,1455,1459,1463],{"title":1422,"path":1423,"stem":1424},{"title":1428,"path":1429,"stem":1430},"第一章：国民账户与宏观指标","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F01-national-accounts","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F01-national-accounts",{"title":1432,"path":1433,"stem":1434},"第二章：消费、投资与凯恩斯交叉","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F02-consumption-investment","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F02-consumption-investment",{"title":1436,"path":1437,"stem":1438},"第三章：货币、银行与货币政策","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F03-money-and-monetary-policy","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F03-money-and-monetary-policy",{"title":1440,"path":1441,"stem":1442},"第四章：AD–AS、通货膨胀与失业","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F04-ad-as-inflation-unemployment","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F04-ad-as-inflation-unemployment",{"title":1444,"path":1445,"stem":1446},"第五章：财政政策、债务与稳定化","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F05-fiscal-policy-and-debt","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F05-fiscal-policy-and-debt",{"title":1448,"path":1449,"stem":1450},"第六章：经济增长、生产率与发展","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F06-growth-productivity","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F06-growth-productivity",{"title":1452,"path":1453,"stem":1454},"第七章：开放经济、汇率与国际收支","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F07-open-economy","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F07-open-economy",{"title":1456,"path":1457,"stem":1458},"第八章：宏观研究项目与政策分析","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F08-macro-research-project","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F08-macro-research-project",{"title":1460,"path":1461,"stem":1462},"第九章：宏观经济学浏览器交互实验","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F09-interactive-policy-labs","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F09-interactive-policy-labs",{"title":1464,"path":1465,"stem":1466},"第十章：前沿文献与当代宏观案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F10-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F10-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":1468,"path":1469,"stem":1470,"children":1471},"微观计量经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Findex",[1472,1473,1479,1485,1491,1497,1503,1509,1515,1521,1527,1533,1539],{"title":1468,"path":1469,"stem":1470},{"title":1474,"path":1475,"stem":1476,"children":1477},"第一章：微观计量与因果推断导论","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-intro","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-intro\u002Findex",[1478],{"title":1474,"path":1475,"stem":1476},{"title":1480,"path":1481,"stem":1482,"children":1483},"第二章：线性回归与 OLS","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-ols","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-ols\u002Findex",[1484],{"title":1480,"path":1481,"stem":1482},{"title":1486,"path":1487,"stem":1488,"children":1489},"第三章：工具变量法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-iv","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-iv\u002Findex",[1490],{"title":1486,"path":1487,"stem":1488},{"title":1492,"path":1493,"stem":1494,"children":1495},"第四章：面板数据方法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-panel","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-panel\u002Findex",[1496],{"title":1492,"path":1493,"stem":1494},{"title":1498,"path":1499,"stem":1500,"children":1501},"第五章：双重差分法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-did","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-did\u002Findex",[1502],{"title":1498,"path":1499,"stem":1500},{"title":1504,"path":1505,"stem":1506,"children":1507},"第六章：断点回归设计","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-rdd","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-rdd\u002Findex",[1508],{"title":1504,"path":1505,"stem":1506},{"title":1510,"path":1511,"stem":1512,"children":1513},"第七章：匹配、倾向得分与加权","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F07-matching","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F07-matching\u002Findex",[1514],{"title":1510,"path":1511,"stem":1512},{"title":1516,"path":1517,"stem":1518,"children":1519},"第八章：离散选择模型","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F08-discrete-choice","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F08-discrete-choice\u002Findex",[1520],{"title":1516,"path":1517,"stem":1518},{"title":1522,"path":1523,"stem":1524,"children":1525},"第九章：计数数据与受限因变量","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F09-count-limited","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F09-count-limited\u002Findex",[1526],{"title":1522,"path":1523,"stem":1524},{"title":1528,"path":1529,"stem":1530,"children":1531},"第十章：合成控制法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F10-synthetic-control","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F10-synthetic-control\u002Findex",[1532],{"title":1528,"path":1529,"stem":1530},{"title":1534,"path":1535,"stem":1536,"children":1537},"第十一章：机器学习与因果推断","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F11-ml-causal","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F11-ml-causal\u002Findex",[1538],{"title":1534,"path":1535,"stem":1536},{"title":1540,"path":1541,"stem":1542},"第十二章：前沿文献与现代微观案例（2024—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":716,"path":1544,"stem":1545,"children":1546,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics",[1547,1553,1559,1565,1571,1577,1583,1589,1595,1601,1607,1613,1619],{"title":1548,"path":1549,"stem":1550,"children":1551},"微观经济学 III","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[1552],{"title":1548,"path":1549,"stem":1550},{"title":1554,"path":1555,"stem":1556,"children":1557},"消费者理论与分析基础","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations\u002Findex",[1558],{"title":1554,"path":1555,"stem":1556},{"title":1560,"path":1561,"stem":1562,"children":1563},"比较静态分析与福利测度","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics\u002Findex",[1564],{"title":1560,"path":1561,"stem":1562},{"title":1566,"path":1567,"stem":1568,"children":1569},"不确定性下的决策","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty\u002Findex",[1570],{"title":1566,"path":1567,"stem":1568},{"title":1572,"path":1573,"stem":1574,"children":1575},"一般均衡与福利经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium\u002Findex",[1576],{"title":1572,"path":1573,"stem":1574},{"title":1578,"path":1579,"stem":1580,"children":1581},"博弈论：静态与动态博弈","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory\u002Findex",[1582],{"title":1578,"path":1579,"stem":1580},{"title":1584,"path":1585,"stem":1586,"children":1587},"寡头垄断与策略性市场行为","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly\u002Findex",[1588],{"title":1584,"path":1585,"stem":1586},{"title":1590,"path":1591,"stem":1592,"children":1593},"信息经济学：逆向选择与道德风险","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics\u002Findex",[1594],{"title":1590,"path":1591,"stem":1592},{"title":1596,"path":1597,"stem":1598,"children":1599},"机制设计与拍卖理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design\u002Findex",[1600],{"title":1596,"path":1597,"stem":1598},{"title":1602,"path":1603,"stem":1604,"children":1605},"行为与实验微观经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics\u002Findex",[1606],{"title":1602,"path":1603,"stem":1604},{"title":1608,"path":1609,"stem":1610,"children":1611},"外部性、公共物品与机制","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods\u002Findex",[1612],{"title":1608,"path":1609,"stem":1610},{"title":1614,"path":1615,"stem":1616,"children":1617},"市场设计与匹配理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design\u002Findex",[1618],{"title":1614,"path":1615,"stem":1616},{"title":1620,"path":1621,"stem":1622,"children":1623},"第十二章：微观经济学：回顾与前沿应用","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex",[1624],{"title":1620,"path":1621,"stem":1622},{"title":799,"path":1626,"stem":1627,"children":1628,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Fplayground","zh\u002Fplayground",[1629],{"title":1630,"path":1631,"stem":1632},"Chart.js 可视化","\u002Fzh\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs","zh\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs",{"title":1634,"path":1635,"stem":1636,"children":1637},"概率论与数理统计","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002Findex",[1638,1639,1645,1680,1727],{"title":1634,"path":1635,"stem":1636},{"title":1640,"path":1641,"stem":1642,"children":1643},"第零章：概率统计的对象与学习方法","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F00-intro","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[1644],{"title":1640,"path":1641,"stem":1642},{"title":1646,"path":1647,"stem":1648,"children":1649,"page":249},"01 Probability","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability",[1650,1656,1662,1668,1674],{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653,"children":1654},"第一章：概率论基础","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F01-prob-theory","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F01-prob-theory\u002Findex",[1655],{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653},{"title":1657,"path":1658,"stem":1659,"children":1660},"第二章：随机变量与分布","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F02-random-variables","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F02-random-variables\u002Findex",[1661],{"title":1657,"path":1658,"stem":1659},{"title":1663,"path":1664,"stem":1665,"children":1666},"第三章：期望、方差与条件矩","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F03-moment","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F03-moment\u002Findex",[1667],{"title":1663,"path":1664,"stem":1665},{"title":1669,"path":1670,"stem":1671,"children":1672},"第四章：常见分布族与建模机制","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F04-families","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F04-families\u002Findex",[1673],{"title":1669,"path":1670,"stem":1671},{"title":1675,"path":1676,"stem":1677,"children":1678},"第五章：收敛与渐近理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F05-asymptotics","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F05-asymptotics\u002Findex",[1679],{"title":1675,"path":1676,"stem":1677},{"title":1681,"path":1682,"stem":1683,"children":1684,"page":249},"02 Statistics","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics",[1685,1691,1697,1703,1709,1715,1721],{"title":1686,"path":1687,"stem":1688,"children":1689},"第六章：抽样分布","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F01-sampling","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F01-sampling\u002Findex",[1690],{"title":1686,"path":1687,"stem":1688},{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694,"children":1695},"第七章：区间估计","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F02-interval-estimation","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F02-interval-estimation\u002Findex",[1696],{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694},{"title":1698,"path":1699,"stem":1700,"children":1701},"第八章：点估计理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F03-point-estimation","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F03-point-estimation\u002Findex",[1702],{"title":1698,"path":1699,"stem":1700},{"title":1704,"path":1705,"stem":1706,"children":1707},"第九章：点估计方法","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F04-pe-method","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F04-pe-method\u002Findex",[1708],{"title":1704,"path":1705,"stem":1706},{"title":1710,"path":1711,"stem":1712,"children":1713},"第十章：假设检验原理","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F05-hypothesis","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F05-hypothesis\u002Findex",[1714],{"title":1710,"path":1711,"stem":1712},{"title":1716,"path":1717,"stem":1718,"children":1719},"第十一章：常用检验方法与选择","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F06-hypothesis-method","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F06-hypothesis-method\u002Findex",[1720],{"title":1716,"path":1717,"stem":1718},{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724,"children":1725},"第十二章：Bootstrap 与重抽样","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F07-bootstrap","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F07-bootstrap\u002Findex",[1726],{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724},{"title":1728,"path":1729,"stem":1730},"第十三章：前沿文献与现代统计案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F03-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F03-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":1732,"path":1733,"stem":1734,"children":1735,"page":249},"Quant","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant","zh\u002Fquant",[1736,1742,1746,1750,1754,1758,1762,1766,1770,1774,1778],{"title":1737,"path":1738,"stem":1739,"children":1740},"量化投资——从可检验信号到可执行组合","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F00-index","zh\u002Fquant\u002F00-index",[1741],{"title":1737,"path":1738,"stem":1739},{"title":1743,"path":1744,"stem":1745},"数据获取与预处理","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F01-research-data","zh\u002Fquant\u002F01-research-data",{"title":1747,"path":1748,"stem":1749},"因子与交易信号","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F02-factor-and-signals","zh\u002Fquant\u002F02-factor-and-signals",{"title":1751,"path":1752,"stem":1753},"策略建模与回测","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F03-modeling-and-backtest","zh\u002Fquant\u002F03-modeling-and-backtest",{"title":1755,"path":1756,"stem":1757},"组合构建与风险建模（资产定价视角）","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F04-portfolio-and-risk","zh\u002Fquant\u002F04-portfolio-and-risk",{"title":1759,"path":1760,"stem":1761},"执行策略与市场微结构概览","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F05-execution-and-microstructure","zh\u002Fquant\u002F05-execution-and-microstructure",{"title":1763,"path":1764,"stem":1765},"策略上线、监控与迭代","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F06-production-and-monitoring","zh\u002Fquant\u002F06-production-and-monitoring",{"title":1767,"path":1768,"stem":1769},"量化工程与工具链概览","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F07-engineering-stack","zh\u002Fquant\u002F07-engineering-stack",{"title":1771,"path":1772,"stem":1773},"计量方法与实证检验","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F08-econometric-methods","zh\u002Fquant\u002F08-econometric-methods",{"title":1775,"path":1776,"stem":1777},"案例研究：多因子股票 Alpha 策略全流程","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F09-case-study","zh\u002Fquant\u002F09-case-study",{"title":1779,"path":1780,"stem":1781},"量化投资文献与软件图谱","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F10-reading-software-map","zh\u002Fquant\u002F10-reading-software-map",{"path":794},{"id":1784,"title":1620,"body":1785,"description":3236,"extension":3237,"features":3238,"hero":3238,"layout":3238,"locale":3238,"meta":3239,"navigation":3238,"path":1621,"published":3240,"seo":3241,"stem":1622,"__hash__":3242},"docs\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex.md",{"type":1786,"value":1787,"toc":3207},"minimark",[1788,1793,1797,1801,1804,1820,1823,1832,1836,1839,1843,1846,1851,1854,1930,1934,1937,1987,1991,1994,2060,2064,2067,2134,2138,2141,2161,2165,2168,2172,2179,2184,2187,2246,2257,2276,2838,2844,2864,2868,2874,2888,2893,2920,2925,2939,2943,2946,3024,3030,3034,3037,3057,3060,3080,3084,3090,3096,3150,3154,3157,3160,3174,3177,3194,3197,3200,3204],[1789,1790,1792],"h1",{"id":1791},"第十二章回顾与前沿应用","第十二章：回顾与前沿应用",[1794,1795,1796],"h2",{"id":1796},"本章导学",[1798,1799,1800],"p",{},"最后一章的任务不是再引入一套孤立理论，而是把全课程的模型组织成可以迁移的分析框架。你应当能够看到：消费者理论、福利经济学、博弈论、信息经济学、机制设计和市场设计并不是分散知识点，而是分析现代经济问题的不同层次。",[1798,1802,1803],{},"学完本章后，你应当能够：",[1805,1806,1807,1811,1814,1817],"ul",{},[1808,1809,1810],"li",{},"用一张理论地图说明各章之间的逻辑关系。",[1808,1812,1813],{},"面对数字平台、数据资产、在线广告或算法治理问题，选择合适的微观工具。",[1808,1815,1816],{},"区分效率、分配、激励、市场势力和行为偏差在现实问题中的作用。",[1808,1818,1819],{},"把模型结论写成清晰的政策或商业分析，而不是只停留在公式推导。",[1798,1821,1822],{},"常见期末题会要求综合运用多个章节。例如平台定价同时涉及网络外部性、市场势力、价格歧视和机制设计；算法歧视同时涉及信息、激励、福利和公平。答题时可以先判断问题属于“选择、均衡、信息、机制、市场失灵、行为修正”中的哪几类，再逐层展开。",[1798,1824,1825,1826,1831],{},"建议复习时回到",[1827,1828,1830],"a",{"href":1829},"..\u002F00-intro\u002F","课程首页","的 12 周路径，检查每章你是否能说出一个核心模型、一个关键公式和一个现实应用。",[1794,1833,1835],{"id":1834},"_1-经济动机-economic-motivation","1. 经济动机 (Economic Motivation)",[1798,1837,1838],{},"经过前面十一个章节的学习，我们已经深入探索了微观经济学的各个核心分支，从单个消费者的最优选择到复杂市场中的策略互动。最后一章的目标是将这些看似独立的理论模块整合起来，形成一个融会贯通的分析框架。我们将回顾整个课程的知识体系，并展示如何运用这些强大的理论工具来分析和理解前沿、复杂的现实世界经济问题，特别是数字经济、平台市场和人工智能带来的新机遇与新挑战。本章旨在连接理论与现实，展示微观经济学作为一种“思维方式”的真正力量。",[1794,1840,1842],{"id":1841},"_2-微观经济学核心理论框架回顾","2. 微观经济学核心理论框架回顾",[1798,1844,1845],{},"整个微观经济学高级教程的理论大厦可以被归纳为几个相互关联的核心模块。",[1847,1848,1850],"h3",{"id":1849},"第一部分决策理论-decision-theory","第一部分：决策理论 (Decision Theory)",[1798,1852,1853],{},"决策理论是所有经济分析的基石，它研究经济个体如何做出选择。",[1855,1856,1857,1877],"table",{},[1858,1859,1860],"thead",{},[1861,1862,1863,1868,1871,1874],"tr",{},[1864,1865,1867],"th",{"align":1866},"left","决策环境",[1864,1869,1870],{"align":1866},"核心理论",[1864,1872,1873],{"align":1866},"关键概念",[1864,1875,1876],{"align":1866},"数学工具",[1878,1879,1880,1898,1914],"tbody",{},[1861,1881,1882,1889,1892,1895],{},[1883,1884,1885],"td",{"align":1866},[1886,1887,1888],"strong",{},"确定性环境",[1883,1890,1891],{"align":1866},"消费者理论",[1883,1893,1894],{"align":1866},"偏好、效用函数、预算约束、边际替代率",[1883,1896,1897],{"align":1866},"拉格朗日乘数法、包络定理",[1861,1899,1900,1905,1908,1911],{},[1883,1901,1902],{"align":1866},[1886,1903,1904],{},"不确定性环境",[1883,1906,1907],{"align":1866},"期望效用理论",[1883,1909,1910],{"align":1866},"冯·诺依曼-摩根斯坦效用函数、风险规避、确定性等价",[1883,1912,1913],{"align":1866},"概率论、凹函数",[1861,1915,1916,1921,1924,1927],{},[1883,1917,1918],{"align":1866},[1886,1919,1920],{},"策略互动环境",[1883,1922,1923],{"align":1866},"博弈论",[1883,1925,1926],{"align":1866},"纳什均衡、子博弈完美均衡、贝叶斯纳什均衡、重复博弈",[1883,1928,1929],{"align":1866},"集合论、不动点定理",[1847,1931,1933],{"id":1932},"第二部分市场与均衡-markets-and-equilibrium","第二部分：市场与均衡 (Markets and Equilibrium)",[1798,1935,1936],{},"市场是经济个体进行交易的场所，均衡描述了市场达到稳定状态时的结果。",[1855,1938,1939,1953],{},[1858,1940,1941],{},[1861,1942,1943,1946,1948,1950],{},[1864,1944,1945],{"align":1866},"市场结构",[1864,1947,1870],{"align":1866},[1864,1949,1873],{"align":1866},[1864,1951,1952],{"align":1866},"核心结论",[1878,1954,1955,1971],{},[1861,1956,1957,1962,1965,1968],{},[1883,1958,1959],{"align":1866},[1886,1960,1961],{},"完全竞争",[1883,1963,1964],{"align":1866},"一般均衡理论",[1883,1966,1967],{"align":1866},"瓦尔拉斯均衡、埃奇沃斯盒子、帕累托最优",[1883,1969,1970],{"align":1866},"福利经济学第一和第二基本定理",[1861,1972,1973,1978,1981,1984],{},[1883,1974,1975],{"align":1866},[1886,1976,1977],{},"不完全竞争",[1883,1979,1980],{"align":1866},"寡头理论",[1883,1982,1983],{"align":1866},"古诺模型（产量竞争）、伯特兰模型（价格竞争）、斯塔克尔伯格模型（领导者-跟随者）",[1883,1985,1986],{"align":1866},"价格通常高于边际成本，存在社会福利损失",[1847,1988,1990],{"id":1989},"第三部分信息与激励-information-and-incentives","第三部分：信息与激励 (Information and Incentives)",[1798,1992,1993],{},"当市场参与者的信息不对称时，会引发一系列激励问题。",[1855,1995,1996,2010],{},[1858,1997,1998],{},[1861,1999,2000,2003,2005,2007],{},[1864,2001,2002],{"align":1866},"信息问题",[1864,2004,1870],{"align":1866},[1864,2006,1873],{"align":1866},[1864,2008,2009],{"align":1866},"主要应用",[1878,2011,2012,2028,2044],{},[1861,2013,2014,2019,2022,2025],{},[1883,2015,2016],{"align":1866},[1886,2017,2018],{},"隐藏信息 (逆向选择)",[1883,2020,2021],{"align":1866},"信号博弈\u002F筛选模型",[1883,2023,2024],{"align":1866},"“柠檬市场”、分离均衡、混同均衡",[1883,2026,2027],{"align":1866},"教育信号、保险市场、二手车市场",[1861,2029,2030,2035,2038,2041],{},[1883,2031,2032],{"align":1866},[1886,2033,2034],{},"隐藏行动 (道德风险)",[1883,2036,2037],{"align":1866},"委托-代理理论",[1883,2039,2040],{"align":1866},"激励相容约束、参与约束、最优合约",[1883,2042,2043],{"align":1866},"CEO薪酬、保险免赔额、绩效工资",[1861,2045,2046,2051,2054,2057],{},[1883,2047,2048],{"align":1866},[1886,2049,2050],{},"隐藏意图",[1883,2052,2053],{"align":1866},"机制设计\u002F拍卖理论",[1883,2055,2056],{"align":1866},"显示原理、VCG机制、收入等价定理",[1883,2058,2059],{"align":1866},"频谱拍卖、政府采购、在线广告",[1847,2061,2063],{"id":2062},"第四部分市场失灵与修正-market-failures-and-corrections","第四部分：市场失灵与修正 (Market Failures and Corrections)",[1798,2065,2066],{},"当市场无法自发达到帕累托最优时，就出现了市场失灵。",[1855,2068,2069,2084],{},[1858,2070,2071],{},[1861,2072,2073,2076,2078,2081],{},[1864,2074,2075],{"align":1866},"失灵类型",[1864,2077,1870],{"align":1866},[1864,2079,2080],{"align":1866},"解决方案",[1864,2082,2083],{"align":1866},"关键思想",[1878,2085,2086,2102,2118],{},[1861,2087,2088,2093,2096,2099],{},[1883,2089,2090],{"align":1866},[1886,2091,2092],{},"外部性",[1883,2094,2095],{"align":1866},"外部性理论",[1883,2097,2098],{"align":1866},"庇古税\u002F补贴、科斯定理",[1883,2100,2101],{"align":1866},"将外部成本\u002F收益内部化",[1861,2103,2104,2109,2112,2115],{},[1883,2105,2106],{"align":1866},[1886,2107,2108],{},"公共物品",[1883,2110,2111],{"align":1866},"公共物品理论",[1883,2113,2114],{"align":1866},"VCG机制、林达尔均衡",[1883,2116,2117],{"align":1866},"解决“搭便车”问题",[1861,2119,2120,2125,2128,2131],{},[1883,2121,2122],{"align":1866},[1886,2123,2124],{},"非价格配置",[1883,2126,2127],{"align":1866},"市场设计\u002F匹配理论",[1883,2129,2130],{"align":1866},"延迟接受算法 (Gale-Shapley)、顶级交易循环 (TTC)",[1883,2132,2133],{"align":1866},"在没有价格机制时实现稳定和有效的匹配",[1847,2135,2137],{"id":2136},"第五部分理论的扩展-extensions-of-theory","第五部分：理论的扩展 (Extensions of Theory)",[1798,2139,2140],{},"对经典理论的理性人假设进行修正，使其更贴近现实。",[1805,2142,2143],{},[1808,2144,2145,2148,2149,2152,2153,2156,2157,2160],{},[1886,2146,2147],{},"行为经济学",": 引入了如",[1886,2150,2151],{},"前景理论","（损失规避）、",[1886,2154,2155],{},"时间不一致偏好","（双曲贴现）和",[1886,2158,2159],{},"社会偏好","（公平、互惠）等概念，解释了传统理论难以覆盖的“异象”。",[1794,2162,2164],{"id":2163},"_3-前沿应用数字经济中的微观经济学","3. 前沿应用：数字经济中的微观经济学",[1798,2166,2167],{},"数字经济的兴起为微观经济理论提供了最激动人心的应用舞台。",[1847,2169,2171],{"id":2170},"案例一双边平台与网络外部性-two-sided-platforms-and-network-externalities","案例一：双边平台与网络外部性 (Two-Sided Platforms and Network Externalities)",[1798,2173,2174,2175,2178],{},"平台经济（如Uber、淘宝、微信）的核心特征是",[1886,2176,2177],{},"网络外部性","，即平台一侧用户的价值取决于另一侧用户的数量。",[2180,2181,2183],"h4",{"id":2182},"数学模型rochet-tirole-2003-框架","数学模型：Rochet & Tirole (2003) 框架",[1798,2185,2186],{},"考虑一个连接买家 (B) 和卖家 (S) 的平台。",[1805,2188,2189,2205,2211],{},[1808,2190,2191,2192,2196,2197,2200,2201,2204],{},"平台为每笔交易向买家收取",[2193,2194,2195],"code",{},"p_B","，向卖家收取",[2193,2198,2199],{},"p_S","。总价格",[2193,2202,2203],{},"p = p_B + p_S","。",[1808,2206,2207,2208,2204],{},"平台固定成本为",[2193,2209,2210],{},"F",[1808,2212,2213,2214,2217,2218,2221,2222],{},"买家和卖家的效用取决于对方群体的规模（",[2193,2215,2216],{},"n_B",", ",[2193,2219,2220],{},"n_S","）和价格。\n",[1805,2223,2224,2230,2236],{},[1808,2225,2226,2227],{},"买家效用: ",[2193,2228,2229],{},"u_B = v_B + α_B * n_S - p_B",[1808,2231,2232,2233],{},"卖家效用: ",[2193,2234,2235],{},"u_S = v_S + α_S * n_B - p_S",[1808,2237,2238,2241,2242,2245],{},[2193,2239,2240],{},"α_B"," 和 ",[2193,2243,2244],{},"α_S"," 分别是买家和卖家感受到的跨边网络外部性强度。",[1798,2247,2248,2249,2252,2253,2256],{},"平台的目标是最大化利润 ",[2193,2250,2251],{},"Π = (p_B + p_S) * n - F","，其中 ",[2193,2254,2255],{},"n"," 是交易量。",[1798,2258,2259,2262,2263,2265,2266,2268,2269,2272,2273,2204],{},[1886,2260,2261],{},"核心洞察：","\n平台的最优定价结构需要平衡两边用户的需求弹性以及网络外部性的强度。利润最大化的定价",[2193,2264,2195],{},"和",[2193,2267,2199],{},"通常会呈现“",[1886,2270,2271],{},"倾斜","”的特点：",[1886,2274,2275],{},"补贴对价格更敏感、或能为另一方创造更大网络价值的一方，而向另一方收取更高费用",[1805,2277,2278],{},[1808,2279,2280,2283,2284,2837],{},[1886,2281,2282],{},"定价公式的直觉",":\n",[2285,2286,2289],"span",{"className":2287},[2288],"katex-display",[2285,2290,2293,2379],{"className":2291},[2292],"katex",[2285,2294,2297],{"className":2295},[2296],"katex-mathml",[2298,2299,2302],"math",{"xmlns":2300,"display":2301},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML","block",[2303,2304,2305,2374],"semantics",{},[2306,2307,2308,2350,2353,2355,2364,2366],"mrow",{},[2309,2310,2311,2333],"mfrac",{},[2306,2312,2313,2322,2326],{},[2314,2315,2316,2319],"msub",{},[2317,2318,1798],"mi",{},[2317,2320,2321],{},"B",[2323,2324,2325],"mo",{},"−",[2314,2327,2328,2331],{},[2317,2329,2330],{},"c",[2317,2332,2321],{},[2306,2334,2335,2342,2344],{},[2314,2336,2337,2339],{},[2317,2338,1798],{},[2317,2340,2341],{},"S",[2323,2343,2325],{},[2314,2345,2346,2348],{},[2317,2347,2330],{},[2317,2349,2341],{},[2323,2351,2352],{},"≈",[2323,2354,2325],{},[2309,2356,2357,2361],{},[2358,2359,2360],"mtext",{},"买方需求弹性",[2358,2362,2363],{},"卖方需求弹性",[2323,2365,2325],{},[2309,2367,2368,2371],{},[2358,2369,2370],{},"卖方网络外部性",[2358,2372,2373],{},"买方网络外部性",[2375,2376,2378],"annotation",{"encoding":2377},"application\u002Fx-tex","\\frac{p_B - c_B}{p_S - c_S} \\approx - \\frac{\\text{买方需求弹性}}{\\text{卖方需求弹性}} - \\frac{\\text{卖方网络外部性}}{\\text{买方网络外部性}}",[2285,2380,2384,2672,2763],{"className":2381,"ariaHidden":2383},[2382],"katex-html","true",[2285,2385,2388,2393,2661,2665,2669],{"className":2386},[2387],"base",[2285,2389],{"className":2390,"style":2392},[2391],"strut","height:2.1408em;vertical-align:-0.8804em;",[2285,2394,2397,2402,2657],{"className":2395},[2396],"mord",[2285,2398],{"className":2399},[2400,2401],"mopen","nulldelimiter",[2285,2403,2405],{"className":2404},[2309],[2285,2406,2410,2648],{"className":2407},[2408,2409],"vlist-t","vlist-t2",[2285,2411,2414,2645],{"className":2412},[2413],"vlist-r",[2285,2415,2419,2535,2546],{"className":2416,"style":2418},[2417],"vlist","height:1.2603em;",[2285,2420,2422,2427],{"style":2421},"top:-2.314em;",[2285,2423],{"className":2424,"style":2426},[2425],"pstrut","height:3em;",[2285,2428,2430,2483,2488,2492,2495],{"className":2429},[2396],[2285,2431,2433,2437],{"className":2432},[2396],[2285,2434,1798],{"className":2435},[2396,2436],"mathnormal",[2285,2438,2441],{"className":2439},[2440],"msupsub",[2285,2442,2444,2474],{"className":2443},[2408,2409],[2285,2445,2447,2469],{"className":2446},[2413],[2285,2448,2451],{"className":2449,"style":2450},[2417],"height:0.3283em;",[2285,2452,2454,2458],{"style":2453},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[2285,2455],{"className":2456,"style":2457},[2425],"height:2.7em;",[2285,2459,2465],{"className":2460},[2461,2462,2463,2464],"sizing","reset-size6","size3","mtight",[2285,2466,2341],{"className":2467,"style":2468},[2396,2436,2464],"margin-right:0.0576em;",[2285,2470,2473],{"className":2471},[2472],"vlist-s","​",[2285,2475,2477],{"className":2476},[2413],[2285,2478,2481],{"className":2479,"style":2480},[2417],"height:0.15em;",[2285,2482],{},[2285,2484],{"className":2485,"style":2487},[2486],"mspace","margin-right:0.2222em;",[2285,2489,2325],{"className":2490},[2491],"mbin",[2285,2493],{"className":2494,"style":2487},[2486],[2285,2496,2498,2501],{"className":2497},[2396],[2285,2499,2330],{"className":2500},[2396,2436],[2285,2502,2504],{"className":2503},[2440],[2285,2505,2507,2527],{"className":2506},[2408,2409],[2285,2508,2510,2524],{"className":2509},[2413],[2285,2511,2513],{"className":2512,"style":2450},[2417],[2285,2514,2515,2518],{"style":2453},[2285,2516],{"className":2517,"style":2457},[2425],[2285,2519,2521],{"className":2520},[2461,2462,2463,2464],[2285,2522,2341],{"className":2523,"style":2468},[2396,2436,2464],[2285,2525,2473],{"className":2526},[2472],[2285,2528,2530],{"className":2529},[2413],[2285,2531,2533],{"className":2532,"style":2480},[2417],[2285,2534],{},[2285,2536,2538,2541],{"style":2537},"top:-3.23em;",[2285,2539],{"className":2540,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2542],{"className":2543,"style":2545},[2544],"frac-line","border-bottom-width:0.04em;",[2285,2547,2549,2552],{"style":2548},"top:-3.677em;",[2285,2550],{"className":2551,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2553,2555,2596,2599,2602,2605],{"className":2554},[2396],[2285,2556,2558,2561],{"className":2557},[2396],[2285,2559,1798],{"className":2560},[2396,2436],[2285,2562,2564],{"className":2563},[2440],[2285,2565,2567,2588],{"className":2566},[2408,2409],[2285,2568,2570,2585],{"className":2569},[2413],[2285,2571,2573],{"className":2572,"style":2450},[2417],[2285,2574,2575,2578],{"style":2453},[2285,2576],{"className":2577,"style":2457},[2425],[2285,2579,2581],{"className":2580},[2461,2462,2463,2464],[2285,2582,2321],{"className":2583,"style":2584},[2396,2436,2464],"margin-right:0.0502em;",[2285,2586,2473],{"className":2587},[2472],[2285,2589,2591],{"className":2590},[2413],[2285,2592,2594],{"className":2593,"style":2480},[2417],[2285,2595],{},[2285,2597],{"className":2598,"style":2487},[2486],[2285,2600,2325],{"className":2601},[2491],[2285,2603],{"className":2604,"style":2487},[2486],[2285,2606,2608,2611],{"className":2607},[2396],[2285,2609,2330],{"className":2610},[2396,2436],[2285,2612,2614],{"className":2613},[2440],[2285,2615,2617,2637],{"className":2616},[2408,2409],[2285,2618,2620,2634],{"className":2619},[2413],[2285,2621,2623],{"className":2622,"style":2450},[2417],[2285,2624,2625,2628],{"style":2453},[2285,2626],{"className":2627,"style":2457},[2425],[2285,2629,2631],{"className":2630},[2461,2462,2463,2464],[2285,2632,2321],{"className":2633,"style":2584},[2396,2436,2464],[2285,2635,2473],{"className":2636},[2472],[2285,2638,2640],{"className":2639},[2413],[2285,2641,2643],{"className":2642,"style":2480},[2417],[2285,2644],{},[2285,2646,2473],{"className":2647},[2472],[2285,2649,2651],{"className":2650},[2413],[2285,2652,2655],{"className":2653,"style":2654},[2417],"height:0.8804em;",[2285,2656],{},[2285,2658],{"className":2659},[2660,2401],"mclose",[2285,2662],{"className":2663,"style":2664},[2486],"margin-right:0.2778em;",[2285,2666,2352],{"className":2667},[2668],"mrel",[2285,2670],{"className":2671,"style":2664},[2486],[2285,2673,2675,2679,2682,2754,2757,2760],{"className":2674},[2387],[2285,2676],{"className":2677,"style":2678},[2391],"height:2.0463em;vertical-align:-0.686em;",[2285,2680,2325],{"className":2681},[2396],[2285,2683,2685,2688,2751],{"className":2684},[2396],[2285,2686],{"className":2687},[2400,2401],[2285,2689,2691],{"className":2690},[2309],[2285,2692,2694,2742],{"className":2693},[2408,2409],[2285,2695,2697,2739],{"className":2696},[2413],[2285,2698,2701,2717,2725],{"className":2699,"style":2700},[2417],"height:1.3603em;",[2285,2702,2703,2706],{"style":2421},[2285,2704],{"className":2705,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2707,2709],{"className":2708},[2396],[2285,2710,2713],{"className":2711},[2396,2712],"text",[2285,2714,2363],{"className":2715},[2396,2716],"cjk_fallback",[2285,2718,2719,2722],{"style":2537},[2285,2720],{"className":2721,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2723],{"className":2724,"style":2545},[2544],[2285,2726,2727,2730],{"style":2548},[2285,2728],{"className":2729,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2731,2733],{"className":2732},[2396],[2285,2734,2736],{"className":2735},[2396,2712],[2285,2737,2360],{"className":2738},[2396,2716],[2285,2740,2473],{"className":2741},[2472],[2285,2743,2745],{"className":2744},[2413],[2285,2746,2749],{"className":2747,"style":2748},[2417],"height:0.686em;",[2285,2750],{},[2285,2752],{"className":2753},[2660,2401],[2285,2755],{"className":2756,"style":2487},[2486],[2285,2758,2325],{"className":2759},[2491],[2285,2761],{"className":2762,"style":2487},[2486],[2285,2764,2766,2769],{"className":2765},[2387],[2285,2767],{"className":2768,"style":2678},[2391],[2285,2770,2772,2775,2834],{"className":2771},[2396],[2285,2773],{"className":2774},[2400,2401],[2285,2776,2778],{"className":2777},[2309],[2285,2779,2781,2826],{"className":2780},[2408,2409],[2285,2782,2784,2823],{"className":2783},[2413],[2285,2785,2787,2801,2809],{"className":2786,"style":2700},[2417],[2285,2788,2789,2792],{"style":2421},[2285,2790],{"className":2791,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2793,2795],{"className":2794},[2396],[2285,2796,2798],{"className":2797},[2396,2712],[2285,2799,2373],{"className":2800},[2396,2716],[2285,2802,2803,2806],{"style":2537},[2285,2804],{"className":2805,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2807],{"className":2808,"style":2545},[2544],[2285,2810,2811,2814],{"style":2548},[2285,2812],{"className":2813,"style":2426},[2425],[2285,2815,2817],{"className":2816},[2396],[2285,2818,2820],{"className":2819},[2396,2712],[2285,2821,2370],{"className":2822},[2396,2716],[2285,2824,2473],{"className":2825},[2472],[2285,2827,2829],{"className":2828},[2413],[2285,2830,2832],{"className":2831,"style":2748},[2417],[2285,2833],{},[2285,2835],{"className":2836},[2660,2401],"\n这个简化的公式说明，平台倾向于补贴（收取更低费用）需求弹性更高或能为对方带来更强网络效应的群体。",[1798,2839,2840,2843],{},[1886,2841,2842],{},"应用实例",":",[1805,2845,2846,2852,2858],{},[1808,2847,2848,2851],{},[1886,2849,2850],{},"Adobe PDF Reader",": 对读者（Reader）免费，对内容创作者（Writer）收费。读者群体庞大，为创作者带来巨大价值。",[1808,2853,2854,2857],{},[1886,2855,2856],{},"夜店",": 通常对女士免费或提供折扣（补贴方），而对男士收取较高门票（收费方）。",[1808,2859,2860,2863],{},[1886,2861,2862],{},"游戏机",": 游戏机本身亏本销售（如PS5），通过销售游戏软件盈利。",[1847,2865,2867],{"id":2866},"案例二数据作为资产与算法歧视-data-as-an-asset-and-algorithmic-discrimination","案例二：数据作为资产与算法歧视 (Data as an Asset and Algorithmic Discrimination)",[1798,2869,2870,2871,2204],{},"在数字时代，数据成为关键生产要素。平台利用其收集的海量用户数据进行",[1886,2872,2873],{},"价格歧视",[1805,2875,2876,2882],{},[1808,2877,2878,2881],{},[1886,2879,2880],{},"一级价格歧视（个性化定价）",": 平台根据其对每个用户支付意愿的精确估计，向每个用户索要其保留价格。例如，电商平台根据你的浏览历史、消费记录来“猜你喜欢”并定制价格。",[1808,2883,2884,2887],{},[1886,2885,2886],{},"三级价格歧视",": 平台根据可观测的用户特征（如新老用户、地理位置、设备类型）将用户分组定价。例如，视频网站对新用户提供首月优惠。",[1798,2889,2890,2843],{},[1886,2891,2892],{},"福利分析",[1805,2894,2895,2901,2914],{},[1808,2896,2897,2900],{},[1886,2898,2899],{},"生产者剩余",": 价格歧视无疑会增加生产者剩余（平台利润）。",[1808,2902,2903,2283,2906],{},[1886,2904,2905],{},"消费者剩余",[1805,2907,2908,2911],{},[1808,2909,2910],{},"在一级价格歧视下，消费者剩余被完全剥夺，降为零。",[1808,2912,2913],{},"在三级价格歧视下，总的消费者剩余变化不确定。一些支付意愿较低的群体可能因为歧视性低价而能够消费，从而受益。",[1808,2915,2916,2919],{},[1886,2917,2918],{},"社会总福利",": 与统一定价相比，价格歧视可能增加也可能减少社会总福利。如果价格歧视使得原本无法购买产品的消费者进入市场，总福利可能增加。",[1798,2921,2922,2843],{},[1886,2923,2924],{},"政策讨论",[1805,2926,2927,2933],{},[1808,2928,2929,2932],{},[1886,2930,2931],{},"数据隐私",": GDPR等法规旨在限制公司收集和使用个人数据的能力，这在客观上增加了实施个性化定价的难度。",[1808,2934,2935,2938],{},[1886,2936,2937],{},"算法公平性",": 算法可能无意中“学会”并放大了社会中已有的偏见，导致对特定人群的歧视。例如，信贷审批算法可能对某些族裔群体给出更低的信用评分。这引发了关于算法透明度和问责制的激烈辩论。",[1847,2940,2942],{"id":2941},"案例三在线广告与拍卖机制设计-online-advertising-and-auction-mechanism-design","案例三：在线广告与拍卖机制设计 (Online Advertising and Auction Mechanism Design)",[1798,2944,2945],{},"谷歌、百度等搜索引擎的广告位大多通过拍卖来出售，这是机制设计理论最成功的商业应用。",[1805,2947,2948,3002],{},[1808,2949,2950,2953,2954],{},[1886,2951,2952],{},"广义二阶价格拍卖 (Generalized Second-Price Auction, GSP)",": 这是早期搜索引擎广告拍卖普遍采用的机制。",[1805,2955,2956,2988],{},[1808,2957,2958,2283,2961],{},[1886,2959,2960],{},"规则",[2962,2963,2964,2967,2974],"ol",{},[1808,2965,2966],{},"广告商对关键词提交出价。",[1808,2968,2969,2970,2973],{},"平台根据“广告排名分数”（通常是 ",[2193,2971,2972],{},"出价 × 质量得分","）对广告商进行排序。",[1808,2975,2976,2977,2980,2981,2984,2985,2204],{},"排名第 ",[2193,2978,2979],{},"k"," 的广告商，如果其广告被点击，需要支付排名第 ",[2193,2982,2983],{},"k+1"," 的广告商为维持其位置所需的最低费用。即 ",[2193,2986,2987],{},"P_k = (RankScore_{k+1} \u002F QualityScore_k)",[1808,2989,2990,2993,2994,2997,2998,3001],{},[1886,2991,2992],{},"性质",": GSP ",[1886,2995,2996],{},"不是","一个激励相容的机制。广告商的最优策略",[1886,2999,3000],{},"不一定","是如实出价。它存在多个纳什均衡，其中一些效率低下。",[1808,3003,3004,3007,3008],{},[1886,3005,3006],{},"VCG机制 (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves)",": 理论上最优的机制。",[1805,3009,3010,3015],{},[1808,3011,3012,3014],{},[1886,3013,2960],{},": 广告商如实出价，平台进行最优分配。每个广告商支付由于他的存在给其他所有参与者造成的“外部性成本”。",[1808,3016,3017,3019,3020,3023],{},[1886,3018,2992],{},": VCG是",[1886,3021,3022],{},"激励相容","的，即每个广告商的最优策略是报告自己的真实估值。这能保证社会总福利最大化。",[1798,3025,3026,3029],{},[1886,3027,3028],{},"实践演进",":\n由于GSP的复杂性和潜在的低效，许多平台（包括谷歌）的拍卖机制都在逐步向更接近VCG的机制演化，以鼓励广告商如实出价，从而提升市场效率和平台收入。",[1794,3031,3033],{"id":3032},"_4-政策应用与未来展望","4. 政策应用与未来展望",[1847,3035,3036],{"id":3036},"数字市场的反垄断挑战",[1805,3038,3039,3045,3051],{},[1808,3040,3041,3044],{},[1886,3042,3043],{},"市场界定",": 如何界定一个“免费”社交平台的市场？它的竞争者是谁？传统反垄断工具面临挑战。",[1808,3046,3047,3050],{},[1886,3048,3049],{},"掠夺性定价 vs. 网络外部性",": 平台初期通过巨额补贴吸引用户的行为，究竟是正常的商业策略（利用网络外部性），还是旨在排挤对手的掠夺性定价？",[1808,3052,3053,3056],{},[1886,3054,3055],{},"数据垄断",": 拥有海量专有数据的科技巨头是否形成了难以逾越的竞争壁垒？",[1847,3058,3059],{"id":3059},"微观经济学的未来",[1805,3061,3062,3068,3074],{},[1808,3063,3064,3067],{},[1886,3065,3066],{},"理论与数据的结合",": 计量经济学和机器学习的发展，使得检验和量化微观理论模型变得前所未有的方便。实证微观经济学 (Empirical Microeconomics) 正在成为主流。",[1808,3069,3070,3073],{},[1886,3071,3072],{},"人工智能的影响",": AI作为一种新的经济参与者（例如自动交易算法、AI代理），将如何改变博弈的结构和均衡的结果？",[1808,3075,3076,3079],{},[1886,3077,3078],{},"跨学科融合",": 微观经济学正越来越多地与心理学（行为经济学）、计算机科学（算法博弈论）、社会学（社会网络）和法学（法律与经济学）交叉融合。",[1794,3081,3083],{"id":3082},"_5-综合自学检查","5. 综合自学检查",[1798,3085,3086,3089],{},[1886,3087,3088],{},"核心直觉回看","：本课程真正要训练的是选择工具的能力。消费者理论回答个体选择，比较静态回答环境变化，一般均衡回答市场联动，博弈论回答策略互动，信息经济学和机制设计回答激励约束，行为经济学提醒我们检查理性假设，公共经济学和市场设计则把工具用于修正市场失灵。",[1798,3091,3092,3095],{},[1886,3093,3094],{},"关键模型提醒","：遇到一个新问题，可以先按下面的顺序判断：",[1855,3097,3098,3108],{},[1858,3099,3100],{},[1861,3101,3102,3105],{},[1864,3103,3104],{},"判断问题",[1864,3106,3107],{},"适合调用的工具",[1878,3109,3110,3118,3126,3134,3142],{},[1861,3111,3112,3115],{},[1883,3113,3114],{},"是否是单个主体在约束下选择？",[1883,3116,3117],{},"UMP\u002FEMP、风险选择、利润最大化",[1861,3119,3120,3123],{},[1883,3121,3122],{},"是否有多个主体相互影响？",[1883,3124,3125],{},"纳什均衡、子博弈精炼均衡、重复博弈",[1861,3127,3128,3131],{},[1883,3129,3130],{},"是否存在隐藏信息或隐藏行动？",[1883,3132,3133],{},"IC、IR、信号、筛选、委托-代理",[1861,3135,3136,3139],{},[1883,3137,3138],{},"是否私人收益不等于社会收益？",[1883,3140,3141],{},"外部性、公共物品、福利测度",[1861,3143,3144,3147],{},[1883,3145,3146],{},"是否价格机制不能直接使用？",[1883,3148,3149],{},"匹配、拍卖、市场设计",[1847,3151,3153],{"id":3152},"综合例题短视频平台的推荐算法","综合例题：短视频平台的推荐算法",[1798,3155,3156],{},"如果分析短视频平台，不能只说“算法提高效率”。消费者停留时间可以看作效用最大化和行为偏差的结果；创作者之间存在策略互动和平台规则下的激励；广告位分配涉及拍卖；数据收集可能带来价格歧视和隐私外部性；平台市场势力又引出反垄断问题。一个好的答案会先选出主要机制，再说明其他机制如何作为补充，而不是把所有概念简单堆在一起。",[1847,3158,3159],{"id":3159},"常见误区",[1805,3161,3162,3165,3168,3171],{},[1808,3163,3164],{},"看到现实问题就把所有章节概念都写上，缺少主线。综合题更看重“哪个机制最关键”。",[1808,3166,3167],{},"用模型结论时不写假设。例如福利定理、收入等价、科斯定理都依赖很强的条件。",[1808,3169,3170],{},"把效率分析和公平判断混为一谈。模型可以说明效率损失，但分配评价需要额外价值判断。",[1808,3172,3173],{},"忽略可实施性。现实机制不仅要理论上有效，还要能被参与者理解、接受和执行。",[1847,3175,3176],{"id":3176},"自测题",[2962,3178,3179,3182,3185,3188,3191],{},[1808,3180,3181],{},"面对“平台二选一”问题，你会优先使用寡头、机制设计、外部性还是市场设计工具？为什么？",[1808,3183,3184],{},"任选一个政策，分别从效率、分配、激励和信息四个角度给出分析。",[1808,3186,3187],{},"为什么同一个市场可能同时存在市场势力、信息不对称和行为偏差？",[1808,3189,3190],{},"写出你认为全课程最重要的三个公式，并说明它们各自解决什么问题。",[1808,3192,3193],{},"如果只能用一页纸复习本课程，你会画出怎样的理论地图？",[1847,3195,3196],{"id":3196},"期末复习建议",[1798,3198,3199],{},"复习时不要按“背章节标题”的方式进行，而要按题型训练：一个消费者求解题、一个福利测度题、一个博弈均衡题、一个信息或机制题、一个综合政策题。每道题都按“设定-求解-解释-评价”的顺序写完整。",[1794,3201,3203],{"id":3202},"_6-总结","6. 总结",[1798,3205,3206],{},"本课程从最基础的理性选择公理出发，构建了一整套理解人类经济行为和市场运作的理论体系。我们看到，这些看似抽象的模型在解释现实世界——尤其是快速变化的数字世界——时，展现出惊人的力量。微观经济学不仅是一系列结论的集合，更是一种系统分析问题的思维框架。希望这门课程为你提供的，不仅是知识，更是一种能够伴随你一生的、洞察复杂世界的智慧。",{"title":10,"searchDepth":3208,"depth":3208,"links":3209},2,[3210,3211,3212,3220,3225,3229,3235],{"id":1796,"depth":3208,"text":1796},{"id":1834,"depth":3208,"text":1835},{"id":1841,"depth":3208,"text":1842,"children":3213},[3214,3216,3217,3218,3219],{"id":1849,"depth":3215,"text":1850},3,{"id":1932,"depth":3215,"text":1933},{"id":1989,"depth":3215,"text":1990},{"id":2062,"depth":3215,"text":2063},{"id":2136,"depth":3215,"text":2137},{"id":2163,"depth":3208,"text":2164,"children":3221},[3222,3223,3224],{"id":2170,"depth":3215,"text":2171},{"id":2866,"depth":3215,"text":2867},{"id":2941,"depth":3215,"text":2942},{"id":3032,"depth":3208,"text":3033,"children":3226},[3227,3228],{"id":3036,"depth":3215,"text":3036},{"id":3059,"depth":3215,"text":3059},{"id":3082,"depth":3208,"text":3083,"children":3230},[3231,3232,3233,3234],{"id":3152,"depth":3215,"text":3153},{"id":3159,"depth":3215,"text":3159},{"id":3176,"depth":3215,"text":3176},{"id":3196,"depth":3215,"text":3196},{"id":3202,"depth":3208,"text":3203},"微观经济学核心框架回顾，以及数字平台、数据资产、在线广告与算法治理应用","md",null,{},true,{"title":1620,"description":3236},"R7hy8lagMhEaPT5EOmJAdHrGkgLdoei2G-WesPwZ7hA",[3244,3246],{"title":1614,"path":1615,"stem":1616,"description":3245,"children":-1},"稳定匹配、延迟接受算法、学校选择、器官交换与市场设计原则",{"title":1630,"path":1631,"stem":1632,"description":3247,"children":-1},"在 VitePress Markdown 中使用 Chart.js 绘制交互式数据图表。",1785754755842]