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Search, Evaluate, and Read Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix",{"title":27,"path":28,"stem":29},"3. From Sources to Synthesis and Argument","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs",{"title":31,"path":32,"stem":33},"4. Literature Review and a Defensible Gap","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":35,"path":36,"stem":37},"5. Research Design, Evidence, and Core Sections","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence",{"title":39,"path":40,"stem":41},"6. Citation, Paraphrasing, Integrity, and AI","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity",{"title":43,"path":44,"stem":45},"7. Revision, Review, and Submission","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission",{"title":47,"path":48,"stem":49},"8. Research Workbook","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":51,"path":52,"stem":53},"9. Research Workflow and Tools","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management",{"title":55,"path":56,"stem":57},"10. Worked Project — From Question to Defensible Conclusion","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain",{"title":59,"path":60,"stem":61,"children":62,"page":249},"Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting","en\u002Faccounting",[63,69,87,93,193],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66,"children":67},"Accounting — From Evidence to Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index","en\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index",[68],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66},{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72,"children":73},"Accounting Appendix","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[74,75,79,83],{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72},{"title":76,"path":77,"stem":78},"Worked Examples and Error Diagnosis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls",{"title":80,"path":81,"stem":82},"Accounting Glossary","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary",{"title":84,"path":85,"stem":86},"Reading and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map",{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90,"children":91},"Northstar Record-to-Decision Capstone","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[92],{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90},{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96,"children":97},"Financial Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002Findex",[98,99,117,131,165,179],{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96},{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102,"children":103},"1. Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002Findex",[104,105,109,113],{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102},{"title":106,"path":107,"stem":108},"Objectives and Qualitative Characteristics","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics",{"title":110,"path":111,"stem":112},"Equation and Elements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements",{"title":114,"path":115,"stem":116},"Accrual Basis, Estimates and Periods","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles",{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120,"children":121},"2. Recording Transactions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002Findex",[122,123,127],{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120},{"title":124,"path":125,"stem":126},"Double-Entry and Debit\u002FCredit","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr",{"title":128,"path":129,"stem":130},"Accounting Cycle","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle",{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134,"children":135},"3. Measurement and Adjustments","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002Findex",[136,137,141,145,149,153,157,161],{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134},{"title":138,"path":139,"stem":140},"Revenue Recognition","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144},"Inventory","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory",{"title":146,"path":147,"stem":148},"Receivables and Expected Credit Losses","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables",{"title":150,"path":151,"stem":152},"Property, Plant and Equipment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe",{"title":154,"path":155,"stem":156},"Intangible Assets","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles",{"title":158,"path":159,"stem":160},"Leases","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases",{"title":162,"path":163,"stem":164},"Current and Deferred Income Tax","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax",{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168,"children":169},"4. Reporting and Cash","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002Findex",[170,171,175],{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168},{"title":172,"path":173,"stem":174},"Linked Financial Statements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements",{"title":176,"path":177,"stem":178},"Cash, Reconciliation and Internal Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control",{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182,"children":183},"5. Analysis and Comparison","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002Findex",[184,185,189],{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182},{"title":186,"path":187,"stem":188},"Ratio Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis",{"title":190,"path":191,"stem":192},"IFRS versus US GAAP","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap",{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196,"children":197},"Management Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002Findex",[198,199,217,235],{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196},{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"children":203},"1. Cost Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002Findex",[204,205,209,213],{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202},{"title":206,"path":207,"stem":208},"Cost Concepts and Behaviour","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts",{"title":210,"path":211,"stem":212},"Costing Systems","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems",{"title":214,"path":215,"stem":216},"Variable and Absorption Costing","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption",{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220,"children":221},"2. Planning and Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002Findex",[222,223,227,231],{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220},{"title":224,"path":225,"stem":226},"Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis",{"title":228,"path":229,"stem":230},"Budgeting and Variance Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances",{"title":232,"path":233,"stem":234},"Performance Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement",{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238,"children":239},"3. Decisions and Investment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002Findex",[240,241,245],{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238},{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244},"Short-Term Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions",{"title":246,"path":247,"stem":248},"Capital Budgeting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting",false,{"title":251,"path":252,"stem":253,"children":254,"page":249},"Business Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics",[255,261,279,305,335,365,383,400],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258,"children":259},"Business Analytics — From Data to Defensible Action","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index",[260],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258},{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264,"children":265},"0. Decision and Data Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[266,267,271,275],{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264},{"title":268,"path":269,"stem":270},"Decision Framing","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing",{"title":272,"path":273,"stem":274},"Data Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts",{"title":276,"path":277,"stem":278},"Reproducible Analytics Workflow","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow",{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282,"children":283},"1. Descriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002Findex",[284,285,289,293,297,301],{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282},{"title":286,"path":287,"stem":288},"Distributions and Exploratory Data Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda",{"title":290,"path":291,"stem":292},"KPIs and Denominators","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators",{"title":294,"path":295,"stem":296},"Segments, Cohorts and Funnels","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels",{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300},"Visual Evidence and Data Stories","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story",{"title":302,"path":303,"stem":304},"Experiments and Causal Boundaries","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary",{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308,"children":309},"2. Predictive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002Findex",[310,311,315,319,323,327,331],{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308},{"title":312,"path":313,"stem":314},"Validation, Baselines and Leakage","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage",{"title":316,"path":317,"stem":318},"Regression and Forecasting","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting",{"title":320,"path":321,"stem":322},"Classification and Calibration","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration",{"title":324,"path":325,"stem":326},"Trees and Ensembles","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles",{"title":328,"path":329,"stem":330},"Decision Metrics and Thresholds","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds",{"title":332,"path":333,"stem":334},"Explainability, Monitoring and Drift","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift",{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338,"children":339},"3. Prescriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002Findex",[340,341,345,349,353,357,361],{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338},{"title":342,"path":343,"stem":344},"Decision-Making under Uncertainty","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty",{"title":346,"path":347,"stem":348},"Linear Optimisation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization",{"title":350,"path":351,"stem":352},"Inventory and Allocation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356},"Queueing and Simulation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360},"Pricing and Revenue Management","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364},"Causal Targeting and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"children":369},"4. Deployment and Governance","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002Findex",[370,371,375,379],{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368},{"title":372,"path":373,"stem":374},"Data Products and Monitoring","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Governance, Fairness and Privacy","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy",{"title":380,"path":381,"stem":382},"Adoption and Business Value","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value",{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386,"children":387},"Appendix and Revision Tools","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[388,389,393,397],{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386},{"title":390,"path":391,"stem":392},"Formula and Decision Map","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map",{"title":394,"path":395,"stem":396},"Worked Examples and Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls",{"title":84,"path":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403,"children":404},"Capstone — The Evening Delivery Promise","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[405],{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409,"children":410,"page":249},"Financial Economic Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series",[411,417,423,429,435,441,447,453,459,465,471],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414,"children":415},"Financial and Economic Time Series — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[416],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414},{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420,"children":421},"Three Versions of Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge\u002Findex",[422],{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426,"children":427},"Data, Clocks, and Transformations","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations\u002Findex",[428],{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426},{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432,"children":433},"Predictive Regressions and Persistent Predictors","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions\u002Findex",[434],{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438,"children":439},"Volatility, Tails, and Financial Risk","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk\u002Findex",[440],{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438},{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444,"children":445},"Unit Roots, Cointegration, and Error Correction","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration\u002Findex",[446],{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450,"children":451},"VAR, Structural Identification, and Local Projections","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification\u002Findex",[452],{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450},{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456,"children":457},"State Space, Mixed Frequency, and Nowcasting","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting\u002Findex",[458],{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462,"children":463},"Forecast Evaluation for Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation\u002Findex",[464],{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462},{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468,"children":469},"Integrated R Laboratory","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory\u002Findex",[470],{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468},{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474,"children":475},"Capstones, Data, and Reading Ladder","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings\u002Findex",[476],{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474},{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480,"children":481,"page":249},"Intro To Economics","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics","en\u002Fintro-to-economics",[482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530],{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Introduction to Economics — Decisions, Markets, and the Macroeconomy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Chapter 1 — Choice, Opportunity Cost, and Trade","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Chapter 2 — Demand, Supply, Equilibrium, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Chapter 3 — Elasticity, Revenue, and Tax Incidence","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Chapter 4 — Firms, Market Power, and Market Failure","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Chapter 5 — GDP, Income, Wealth, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Chapter 6 — Inflation, Purchasing Power, and Labour Markets","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"Chapter 7 — Productivity, Technology, and Economic Growth","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"Chapter 8 — Money, Credit, and Banking","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Chapter 9 — Business Cycles, AD–AS, and Monetary Policy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Chapter 10 — Fiscal Policy, Distribution, and Public Debt","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},"Chapter 11 — Trade, Capital Flows, and Exchange Rates","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates",{"title":531,"path":532,"stem":533},"Chapter 12 — Integrated Economic Analysis Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies",{"title":535,"path":536,"stem":537,"children":538,"page":249},"Microeconometrics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics",[539,557,563,581,603,629,651,673,691,709],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542,"children":543},"0. Causal Questions and Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002Findex",[544,545,549,553],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542},{"title":546,"path":547,"stem":548},"Causal Questions and Estimands","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands",{"title":550,"path":551,"stem":552},"Potential Outcomes and Experiments","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments",{"title":554,"path":555,"stem":556},"Causal Diagrams and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls",{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560,"children":561},"Microeconometrics — Designing Credible Counterfactuals","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index",[562],{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560},{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566,"children":567},"1. Regression and Inference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002Findex",[568,569,573,577],{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566},{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"OLS as a Projection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"FWL, Selection and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Inference and Clustering","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584,"children":585},"2. Instruments and Panel Data","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002Findex",[586,587,591,595,599],{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},{"title":588,"path":589,"stem":590},"Instrumental Variables","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification",{"title":592,"path":593,"stem":594},"Weak Instruments and LATE","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late",{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598},"Panel Fixed Effects","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects",{"title":600,"path":601,"stem":602},"Dynamic Panels and Limits","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"children":607},"3. Policy Evaluation Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002Findex",[608,609,613,617,621,625],{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606},{"title":610,"path":611,"stem":612},"Difference-in-Differences","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core",{"title":614,"path":615,"stem":616},"Staggered DID and Event Studies","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies",{"title":618,"path":619,"stem":620},"Regression Discontinuity","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd",{"title":622,"path":623,"stem":624},"Matching, Weighting and Overlap","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting",{"title":626,"path":627,"stem":628},"Synthetic Control","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control",{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632,"children":633},"Module 4 — Choice and Limited Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002Findex",[634,635,639,643,647],{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632},{"title":636,"path":637,"stem":638},"Binary Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice",{"title":640,"path":641,"stem":642},"Multinomial and Ordered Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice",{"title":644,"path":645,"stem":646},"Count Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes",{"title":648,"path":649,"stem":650},"Censoring, Truncation and Selection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection",{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655},"Module 5 — Modern Causal Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002Findex",[656,657,661,665,669],{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654},{"title":658,"path":659,"stem":660},"Double Machine Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml",{"title":662,"path":663,"stem":664},"Heterogeneity and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy",{"title":666,"path":667,"stem":668},"Sensitivity and Partial Identification","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672},"External Validity and Transport","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity",{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676,"children":677},"Module 6 — From Data to Auditable Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002Findex",[678,679,683,687],{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676},{"title":680,"path":681,"stem":682},"Data Provenance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance",{"title":684,"path":685,"stem":686},"Reproducibility and Reporting","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting",{"title":688,"path":689,"stem":690},"Paper and Evidence Audit","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit",{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694,"children":695},"Appendix — Revision and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[696,697,701,705],{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694},{"title":698,"path":699,"stem":700},"Formula and Design Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map",{"title":702,"path":703,"stem":704},"Ten Worked Microeconometric Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls",{"title":706,"path":707,"stem":708},"Reading and Software Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map",{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712,"children":713},"Capstone — Should Northbridge Expand Pathways?","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[714],{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712},{"title":716,"path":717,"stem":718,"children":719,"page":249},"Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics",[720,726,732,738,744,750,756,762,768,774,780,786,792],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723,"children":724},"Advanced Microeconomics — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[725],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723},{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729,"children":730},"Module 1 — Choice, Duality, and Revealed Preference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations\u002Findex",[731],{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735,"children":736},"Module 2 — Comparative Statics and Welfare Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics\u002Findex",[737],{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735},{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741,"children":742},"Module 3 — Choice under Risk and Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty\u002Findex",[743],{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741},{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747,"children":748},"Module 4 — General Equilibrium and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium\u002Findex",[749],{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747},{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753,"children":754},"Module 5 — Static, Dynamic, and Repeated Games","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory\u002Findex",[755],{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753},{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759,"children":760},"Module 6 — Oligopoly, Entry, and Algorithmic Pricing","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly\u002Findex",[761],{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759},{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765,"children":766},"Module 7 — Information Economics and Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics\u002Findex",[767],{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765},{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771,"children":772},"Module 8 — Mechanism Design and Auctions","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design\u002Findex",[773],{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771},{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777,"children":778},"Module 9 — Behavioural and Experimental Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics\u002Findex",[779],{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777},{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783,"children":784},"Module 10 — Externalities, Public Goods, and Collective Action","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods\u002Findex",[785],{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783},{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"children":790},"Module 11 — Matching and Market Design","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design\u002Findex",[791],{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789},{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796},"Module 12 — Integrated Microeconomic Design Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex",[797],{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795},{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801,"children":802},"Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground","en\u002Fplayground\u002Findex",[803,804,808,812,816,820],{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801},{"title":805,"path":806,"stem":807},"Typst Plugin Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex","en\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex",{"title":809,"path":810,"stem":811},"Citation Plugin Test","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation","en\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation",{"title":813,"path":814,"stem":815},"Pyodide Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide","en\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide",{"title":817,"path":818,"stem":819},"WebR Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr","en\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr",{"title":821,"path":822,"stem":823},"Chart.js 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文献综述的构建与写作","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":1056,"path":1057,"stem":1058},"8. 文献综述清单与模板","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":1060,"path":1061,"stem":1062},"10. 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0.1667em);margin-left:0.1667em;top:-3.4306em;",[1840,3446],{"className":3447,"style":2545},[1928],[1840,3449,3450],{"style":2559},[2561,3451,3452],{"xmlns":2563,"width":2564,"height":2565,"viewBox":2566,"preserveAspectRatio":2567},[2569,3453],{"d":2571},[1840,3455,3457],{"className":3456},[1907],[1840,3458,3460,3480],{"className":3459},[1911,1912],[1840,3461,3463,3477],{"className":3462},[1916],[1840,3464,3466],{"className":3465,"style":2169},[1920],[1840,3467,3468,3471],{"style":2172},[1840,3469],{"className":3470,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,3472,3474],{"className":3473},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,3475,2091],{"className":3476,"style":2182},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,3478,1944],{"className":3479},[1943],[1840,3481,3483],{"className":3482},[1916],[1840,3484,3486],{"className":3485,"style":2192},[1920],[1840,3487],{},[1840,3489,3491,3494],{"className":3490},[1898],[1840,3492,2458],{"className":3493,"style":1958},[1898,1902],[1840,3495,3497],{"className":3496},[1907],[1840,3498,3500,3526],{"className":3499},[1911,1912],[1840,3501,3503,3523],{"className":3502},[1916],[1840,3504,3506],{"className":3505,"style":2169},[1920],[1840,3507,3508,3511],{"style":2834},[1840,3509],{"className":3510,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,3512,3514],{"className":3513},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,3515,3517,3520],{"className":3516},[1898,1936],[1840,3518,2091],{"className":3519,"style":2182},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,3521,2429],{"className":3522},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,3524,1944],{"className":3525},[1943],[1840,3527,3529],{"className":3528},[1916],[1840,3530,3532],{"className":3531,"style":2192},[1920],[1840,3533],{},[1840,3535,1994],{"className":3536},[2026],[1840,3538],{"className":3539,"style":2222},[1957],[1840,3541],{"className":3542,"style":2030},[1957],[1840,3544,2429],{"className":3545},[1898,1902],[1840,3547],{"className":3548,"style":2198},[1957],[1840,3550,3165],{"className":3551},[2202],[1840,3553],{"className":3554,"style":2198},[1957],[1840,3556,3558,3561,3601],{"className":3557},[1889],[1840,3559],{"className":3560,"style":1894},[1893],[1840,3562,3564,3567],{"className":3563},[1898],[1840,3565,1864],{"className":3566,"style":1903},[1898,1902],[1840,3568,3570],{"className":3569},[1907],[1840,3571,3573,3593],{"className":3572},[1911,1912],[1840,3574,3576,3590],{"className":3575},[1916],[1840,3577,3579],{"className":3578,"style":1921},[1920],[1840,3580,3581,3584],{"style":1924},[1840,3582],{"className":3583,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,3585,3587],{"className":3586},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,3588,1868],{"className":3589},[1898,1936],[1840,3591,1944],{"className":3592},[1943],[1840,3594,3596],{"className":3595},[1916],[1840,3597,3599],{"className":3598,"style":1951},[1920],[1840,3600],{},[1840,3602,2512],{"className":3603},[1898],[1796,3605,3606],{},"权重非负且和为 1，意味着反事实位于供体凸包内。若处理单位在处理前已经超出所有供体范围，经典 SCM 无法靠加权解决外推。",[1807,3608,3610],{"id":3609},"_2-供体池决定研究问题","2. 供体池决定研究问题",[1796,3612,3613],{},"供体单位必须：",[3615,3616,3617,3620,3623,3626,3629],"ul",{},[1817,3618,3619],{},"在研究期内未接受同类处理；",[1817,3621,3622],{},"不受处理单位的溢出；",[1817,3624,3625],{},"结果测量和制度环境可比；",[1817,3627,3628],{},"有足够长且无结构断裂的预处理期；",[1817,3630,3631],{},"不因“加入后结果更显著”才被选择。",[1796,3633,3634],{},"例如评估伦敦拥堵收费时，把同时规划类似政策、交通网络完全不同或受伦敦通勤溢出的城市放入供体池，会改变反事实含义。",[1807,3636,3638],{"id":3637},"_3-为什么处理前路径比协变量清单重要","3. 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lassName":3941},[1898],[1840,3943,3702],{"className":3944,"style":3945},[1898,1902],"margin-right:0.0715em;",[1840,3947,3949],{"className":3948},[1907],[1840,3950,3952,3973],{"className":3951},[1911,1912],[1840,3953,3955,3970],{"className":3954},[1916],[1840,3956,3958],{"className":3957,"style":2169},[1920],[1840,3959,3961,3964],{"style":3960},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0715em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1840,3962],{"className":3963,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,3965,3967],{"className":3966},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,3968,3665],{"className":3969},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,3971,1944],{"className":3972},[1943],[1840,3974,3976],{"className":3975},[1916],[1840,3977,3979],{"className":3978,"style":1951},[1920],[1840,3980],{},[1840,3982],{"className":3983,"style":1958},[1957],[1840,3985,1872],{"className":3986},[1962],[1840,3988],{"className":3989,"style":1958},[1957],[1840,3991,3993,3996,4051,4092,4095,4098],{"className":3992},[1889],[1840,3994],{"className":3995,"style":3879},[1893],[1840,3997,3999,4002],{"className":3998},[1898],[1840,4000,3711],{"className":4001},[1898,1902],[1840,4003,4005],{"className":4004},[1907],[1840,4006,4008,4043],{"className":4007},[1911,1912],[1840,4009,4011,4040],{"className":4010},[1916],[1840,4012,4014,4026],{"className":4013,"style":3899},[1920],[1840,4015,4017,4020],{"style":4016},"top:-2.453em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1840,4018],{"className":4019,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,4021,4023],{"className":4022},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,4024,2429],{"className":4025},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,4027,4028,4031],{"style":3914},[1840,4029],{"className":4030,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,4032,4034],{"className":4033},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,4035,4037],{"className":4036},[1898,1936],[1840,4038,3697],{"className":4039},[1898,1936],[1840,4041,1944],{"className":4042},[1943],[1840,4044,4046],{"className":4045},[1916],[1840,4047,4049],{"className":4048,"style":3936},[1920],[1840,4050],{},[1840,4052,4054,4057],{"className":4053},[1898],[1840,4055,3720],{"className":4056},[1898,1902],[1840,4058,4060],{"className":4059},[1907],[1840,4061,4063,4084],{"className":4062},[1911,1912],[1840,4064,4066,4081],{"className":4065},[1916],[1840,4067,4069],{"className":4068,"style":2169},[1920],[1840,4070,4072,4075],{"style":4071},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1840,4073],{"className":4074,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,4076,4078],{"className":4077},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,4079,3665],{"className":4080},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,4082,1944],{"className":4083},[1943],[1840,4085,4087],{"className":4086},[1916],[1840,4088,4090],{"className":4089,"style":1951},[1920],[1840,4091],{},[1840,4093],{"className":4094,"style":1958},[1957],[1840,4096,1872],{"className":4097},[1962],[1840,4099],{"className":4100,"style":1958},[1957],[1840,4102,4104,4108,4154],{"className":4103},[1889],[1840,4105],{"className":4106,"style":4107},[1893],"height:0.5806em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[1840,4109,4111,4114],{"className":4110},[1898],[1840,4112,3729],{"className":4113},[1898,1902],[1840,4115,4117],{"className":4116},[1907],[1840,4118,4120,4146],{"className":4119},[1911,1912],[1840,4121,4123,4143],{"className":4122},[1916],[1840,4124,4126],{"className":4125,"style":2169},[1920],[1840,4127,4128,4131],{"style":4071},[1840,4129],{"className":4130,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,4132,4134],{"className":4133},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,4135,4137,4140],{"className":4136},[1898,1936],[1840,4138,3665],{"className":4139},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,4141,2429],{"className":4142},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,4144,1944],{"className":4145},[1943],[1840,4147,4149],{"className":4148},[1916],[1840,4150,4152],{"className":4151,"style":1951},[1920],[1840,4153],{},[1840,4155,2512],{"className":4156},[1898],[1796,4158,4159,4160,4231],{},"长预处理路径包含对未观测因子载荷 ",[1840,4161,4163,4181],{"className":4162},[1843],[1840,4164,4166],{"className":4165},[1847],[1849,4167,4168],{"xmlns":1851},[1853,4169,4170,4178],{},[1856,4171,4172],{},[1859,4173,4174,4176],{},[1862,4175,3720],{},[1862,4177,3665],{},[1877,4179,4180],{"encoding":1879},"\\mu_i",[1840,4182,4184],{"className":4183,"ariaHidden":1885},[1884],[1840,4185,4187,4191],{"className":4186},[1889],[1840,4188],{"className":4189,"style":4190},[1893],"height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[1840,4192,4194,4197],{"className":4193},[1898],[1840,4195,3720],{"className":4196},[1898,1902],[1840,4198,4200],{"className":4199},[1907],[1840,4201,4203,4223],{"className":4202},[1911,1912],[1840,4204,4206,4220],{"className":4205},[1916],[1840,4207,4209],{"className":4208,"style":2169},[1920],[1840,4210,4211,4214],{"style":4071},[1840,4212],{"className":4213,"style":1929},[1928],[1840,4215,4217],{"className":4216},[1933,1934,1935,1936],[1840,4218,3665],{"className":4219},[1898,1902,1936],[1840,4221,1944],{"className":4222},[1943],[1840,4224,4226],{"className":4225},[1916],[1840,4227,4229],{"className":4228,"style":1951},[1920],[1840,4230],{}," 的信息。好的处理前拟合因此是必要证据，但不是充分证明：短期过拟合、共同冲击变化和政策预期仍可能使处理后反事实失效。",[1807,4233,4235],{"id":4234},"_4-可运行案例一个城市的减排政策","4. 可运行案例：一个城市的减排政策",[1796,4237,4238],{},"模拟中处理城市的未处理路径是三个供体的凸组合。代码只用处理前数据估计权重，再计算政策后差距与单位安慰剂的 RMSPE 比率。",[4240,4241],"pyodide",{"code64":4242,"layout":4243,"locale":7,"packages":4244,"title":4245},"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","vertical","numpy","Python：合成控制权重与安慰剂比率",[1796,4247,4248,4249,4277,4278,4306],{},"安慰剂 ",[1840,4250,4252,4265],{"className":4251},[1843],[1840,4253,4255],{"className":4254},[1847],[1849,4256,4257],{"xmlns":1851},[1853,4258,4259,4263],{},[1856,4260,4261],{},[1862,4262,1796],{},[1877,4264,1796],{"encoding":1879},[1840,4266,4268],{"className":4267,"ariaHidden":1885},[1884],[1840,4269,4271,4274],{"className":4270},[1889],[1840,4272],{"className":4273,"style":4190},[1893],[1840,4275,1796],{"className":4276},[1898,1902]," 值只有 9 个可能排名，分辨率很粗。这不是经典大样本 ",[1840,4279,4281,4294],{"className":4280},[1843],[1840,4282,4284],{"className":4283},[1847],[1849,4285,4286],{"xmlns":1851},[1853,4287,4288,4292],{},[1856,4289,4290],{},[1862,4291,1796],{},[1877,4293,1796],{"encoding":1879},[1840,4295,4297],{"className":4296,"ariaHidden":1885},[1884],[1840,4298,4300,4303],{"className":4299},[1889],[1840,4301],{"className":4302,"style":4190},[1893],[1840,4304,1796],{"className":4305},[1898,1902]," 值；它回答的是“若每个供体依次被假装处理，真实城市的异常程度排第几”。",[1807,4308,4310],{"id":4309},"_5-推断是一组设计比较","5. 推断是一组设计比较",[4312,4313,4314],"h3",{"id":4314},"单位安慰剂",[1796,4316,4317],{},"逐个把未处理单位当作处理单位，比较处理后异常程度。应排除处理前拟合极差的安慰剂，且预先说明阈值。",[4312,4319,4320],{"id":4320},"时间安慰剂",[1796,4322,4323],{},"把处理时点提前到政策前。若提前期也出现“大效应”，可能有预趋势、结构断裂或过拟合。",[4312,4325,4326],{"id":4326},"结果安慰剂",[1796,4328,4329],{},"选择理论上不应受政策影响、但测量机制类似的结果。",[4312,4331,4332],{"id":4332},"留一法",[1796,4334,4335],{},"依次删除高权重供体。若结论完全依赖一个单位，必须解释该比较为何可信。",[1807,4337,4339],{"id":4338},"_6-常见扩展","6. 常见扩展",[4341,4342,4343,4359],"table",{},[4344,4345,4346],"thead",{},[4347,4348,4349,4353,4356],"tr",{},[4350,4351,4352],"th",{},"方法",[4350,4354,4355],{},"主要变化",[4350,4357,4358],{},"适用问题",[4360,4361,4362,4374,4385,4396],"tbody",{},[4347,4363,4364,4368,4371],{},[4365,4366,4367],"td",{},"augmented SCM",[4365,4369,4370],{},"用结果模型修正剩余预处理偏差",[4365,4372,4373],{},"经典 SCM 拟合不完美",[4347,4375,4376,4379,4382],{},[4365,4377,4378],{},"synthetic DID",[4365,4380,4381],{},"结合单位权重和时间权重",[4365,4383,4384],{},"多单位面板、共同趋势更灵活",[4347,4386,4387,4390,4393],{},[4365,4388,4389],{},"generalized SCM",[4365,4391,4392],{},"潜在因子\u002F矩阵补全",[4365,4394,4395],{},"多处理单位、较长面板",[4347,4397,4398,4401,4404],{},[4365,4399,4400],{},"penalized SCM",[4365,4402,4403],{},"对权重或外推加惩罚",[4365,4405,4406],{},"供体多、过拟合风险",[1796,4408,4409],{},"扩展可以改善拟合或精度，但不会自动修复受污染供体、政策预期、共同冲击或错误处理时点。",[1807,4411,4413],{"id":4412},"_7-诊断与报告","7. 诊断与报告",[3615,4415,4416,4419,4422,4425,4428,4431,4434,4437],{},[1817,4417,4418],{},"处理单位与时点为何特殊？",[1817,4420,4421],{},"供体池如何在看结果前确定？",[1817,4423,4424],{},"处理前路径有多长，RMSPE 多大？",[1817,4426,4427],{},"权重是否集中，处理单位是否在凸包外？",[1817,4429,4430],{},"有无其他政策或溢出污染供体？",[1817,4432,4433],{},"单位、时间、结果与留一安慰剂是否一致？",[1817,4435,4436],{},"效应是逐期路径、平均 ATT 还是累积效应？",[1817,4438,4439],{},"推断分辨率是否受供体数量限制？",[1807,4441,4442],{"id":4442},"常见误区",[3615,4444,4445,4448,4451,4454,4457],{},[1817,4446,4447],{},"只展示处理后大差距，不展示处理前拟合；",[1817,4449,4450],{},"依据政策后结果删供体；",[1817,4452,4453],{},"把回归合成的窄区间当作设计已被证明；",[1817,4455,4456],{},"有一个高权重供体就称其为“因果匹配对象”；",[1817,4458,4459],{},"将单个城市的效应直接推广为全国政策效应。",[1807,4461,4462],{"id":4462},"课堂任务",[1796,4464,4465],{},"设计一个“城市禁塑令对垃圾量”的 SCM：",[1814,4467,4468,4471,4474,4477,4480],{},[1817,4469,4470],{},"给出供体纳入与排除规则；",[1817,4472,4473],{},"选择五个预处理预测量；",[1817,4475,4476],{},"定义主 RMSPE 与安慰剂排序；",[1817,4478,4479],{},"指出一个跨城市溢出；",[1817,4481,4482],{},"解释如果所有权重集中在一个城市，应如何报告。",[1807,4484,4485],{"id":4485},"核心阅读",[3615,4487,4488,4499,4507,4515],{},[1817,4489,4490,4491,4498],{},"Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010), ",[4492,4493,4497],"a",{"href":4494,"rel":4495},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1198\u002Fjasa.2009.ap08746",[4496],"nofollow","“Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies”","。",[1817,4500,4501,4502,4498],{},"Abadie (2021), ",[4492,4503,4506],{"href":4504,"rel":4505},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1257\u002Fjel.20191450",[4496],"“Using Synthetic Controls: Feasibility, Data Requirements, and Methodological Aspects”",[1817,4508,4509,4510,4498],{},"Arkhangelsky et al. (2021), ",[4492,4511,4514],{"href":4512,"rel":4513},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1257\u002Faer.20190159",[4496],"“Synthetic Difference-in-Differences”",[1817,4516,4517,4518,4498],{},"Ben-Michael, Feller & Rothstein (2021), ",[4492,4519,4522],{"href":4520,"rel":4521},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F01621459.2021.1929245",[4496],"“The Augmented Synthetic Control Method”",[1796,4524,4525,4526,4530,4531,4498],{},"上一章：",[4492,4527,4529],{"href":4528},"..\u002F09-count-limited\u002F","计数数据与受限因变量","｜下一章：",[4492,4532,4534],{"href":4533},"..\u002F11-ml-causal\u002F","机器学习与因果推断",{"title":10,"searchDepth":4536,"depth":4536,"links":4537},2,[4538,4539,4540,4541,4542,4543,4550,4551,4552,4553,4554],{"id":1809,"depth":4536,"text":1809},{"id":1834,"depth":4536,"text":1835},{"id":3609,"depth":4536,"text":3610},{"id":3637,"depth":4536,"text":3638},{"id":4234,"depth":4536,"text":4235},{"id":4309,"depth":4536,"text":4310,"children":4544},[4545,4547,4548,4549],{"id":4314,"depth":4546,"text":4314},3,{"id":4320,"depth":4546,"text":4320},{"id":4326,"depth":4546,"text":4326},{"id":4332,"depth":4546,"text":4332},{"id":4338,"depth":4536,"text":4339},{"id":4412,"depth":4536,"text":4413},{"id":4442,"depth":4536,"text":4442},{"id":4462,"depth":4536,"text":4462},{"id":4485,"depth":4536,"text":4485},"为单个处理单位构造加权反事实，掌握供体池、处理前拟合、安慰剂推断与现代扩展。","md",{"sidebar":4558},{"order":4559},10,true,{"title":1528,"description":4555},"tNQXn8Qxwu6K4DSNq_hkrWFLkfKVgrcouvtQyIyKMOA",[4564,4566],{"title":1522,"path":1523,"stem":1524,"description":4565,"children":-1},"按数据生成机制区分 Poisson、负二项、零膨胀、两部模型、删失、截断与选择模型。",{"title":1534,"path":1535,"stem":1536,"description":4567,"children":-1},"用正交化与交叉拟合连接高维预测、平均效应、异质性效应和政策学习。",1785754752181]