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Search, Evaluate, and Read Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix",{"title":27,"path":28,"stem":29},"3. From Sources to Synthesis and Argument","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs",{"title":31,"path":32,"stem":33},"4. Literature Review and a Defensible Gap","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":35,"path":36,"stem":37},"5. Research Design, Evidence, and Core Sections","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence",{"title":39,"path":40,"stem":41},"6. Citation, Paraphrasing, Integrity, and AI","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity",{"title":43,"path":44,"stem":45},"7. Revision, Review, and Submission","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission",{"title":47,"path":48,"stem":49},"8. Research Workbook","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":51,"path":52,"stem":53},"9. Research Workflow and Tools","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management",{"title":55,"path":56,"stem":57},"10. Worked Project — From Question to Defensible Conclusion","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain",{"title":59,"path":60,"stem":61,"children":62,"page":249},"Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting","en\u002Faccounting",[63,69,87,93,193],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66,"children":67},"Accounting — From Evidence to Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index","en\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index",[68],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66},{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72,"children":73},"Accounting Appendix","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[74,75,79,83],{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72},{"title":76,"path":77,"stem":78},"Worked Examples and Error Diagnosis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls",{"title":80,"path":81,"stem":82},"Accounting Glossary","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary",{"title":84,"path":85,"stem":86},"Reading and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map",{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90,"children":91},"Northstar Record-to-Decision Capstone","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[92],{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90},{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96,"children":97},"Financial Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002Findex",[98,99,117,131,165,179],{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96},{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102,"children":103},"1. Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002Findex",[104,105,109,113],{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102},{"title":106,"path":107,"stem":108},"Objectives and Qualitative Characteristics","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics",{"title":110,"path":111,"stem":112},"Equation and Elements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements",{"title":114,"path":115,"stem":116},"Accrual Basis, Estimates and Periods","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles",{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120,"children":121},"2. Recording Transactions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002Findex",[122,123,127],{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120},{"title":124,"path":125,"stem":126},"Double-Entry and Debit\u002FCredit","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr",{"title":128,"path":129,"stem":130},"Accounting Cycle","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle",{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134,"children":135},"3. Measurement and Adjustments","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002Findex",[136,137,141,145,149,153,157,161],{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134},{"title":138,"path":139,"stem":140},"Revenue Recognition","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144},"Inventory","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory",{"title":146,"path":147,"stem":148},"Receivables and Expected Credit Losses","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables",{"title":150,"path":151,"stem":152},"Property, Plant and Equipment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe",{"title":154,"path":155,"stem":156},"Intangible Assets","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles",{"title":158,"path":159,"stem":160},"Leases","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases",{"title":162,"path":163,"stem":164},"Current and Deferred Income Tax","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax",{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168,"children":169},"4. Reporting and Cash","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002Findex",[170,171,175],{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168},{"title":172,"path":173,"stem":174},"Linked Financial Statements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements",{"title":176,"path":177,"stem":178},"Cash, Reconciliation and Internal Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control",{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182,"children":183},"5. Analysis and Comparison","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002Findex",[184,185,189],{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182},{"title":186,"path":187,"stem":188},"Ratio Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis",{"title":190,"path":191,"stem":192},"IFRS versus US GAAP","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap",{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196,"children":197},"Management Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002Findex",[198,199,217,235],{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196},{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"children":203},"1. Cost Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002Findex",[204,205,209,213],{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202},{"title":206,"path":207,"stem":208},"Cost Concepts and Behaviour","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts",{"title":210,"path":211,"stem":212},"Costing Systems","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems",{"title":214,"path":215,"stem":216},"Variable and Absorption Costing","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption",{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220,"children":221},"2. Planning and Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002Findex",[222,223,227,231],{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220},{"title":224,"path":225,"stem":226},"Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis",{"title":228,"path":229,"stem":230},"Budgeting and Variance Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances",{"title":232,"path":233,"stem":234},"Performance Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement",{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238,"children":239},"3. Decisions and Investment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002Findex",[240,241,245],{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238},{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244},"Short-Term Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions",{"title":246,"path":247,"stem":248},"Capital Budgeting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting",false,{"title":251,"path":252,"stem":253,"children":254,"page":249},"Business Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics",[255,261,279,305,335,365,383,400],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258,"children":259},"Business Analytics — From Data to Defensible Action","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index",[260],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258},{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264,"children":265},"0. Decision and Data Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[266,267,271,275],{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264},{"title":268,"path":269,"stem":270},"Decision Framing","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing",{"title":272,"path":273,"stem":274},"Data Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts",{"title":276,"path":277,"stem":278},"Reproducible Analytics Workflow","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow",{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282,"children":283},"1. Descriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002Findex",[284,285,289,293,297,301],{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282},{"title":286,"path":287,"stem":288},"Distributions and Exploratory Data Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda",{"title":290,"path":291,"stem":292},"KPIs and Denominators","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators",{"title":294,"path":295,"stem":296},"Segments, Cohorts and Funnels","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels",{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300},"Visual Evidence and Data Stories","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story",{"title":302,"path":303,"stem":304},"Experiments and Causal Boundaries","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary",{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308,"children":309},"2. Predictive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002Findex",[310,311,315,319,323,327,331],{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308},{"title":312,"path":313,"stem":314},"Validation, Baselines and Leakage","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage",{"title":316,"path":317,"stem":318},"Regression and Forecasting","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting",{"title":320,"path":321,"stem":322},"Classification and Calibration","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration",{"title":324,"path":325,"stem":326},"Trees and Ensembles","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles",{"title":328,"path":329,"stem":330},"Decision Metrics and Thresholds","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds",{"title":332,"path":333,"stem":334},"Explainability, Monitoring and Drift","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift",{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338,"children":339},"3. Prescriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002Findex",[340,341,345,349,353,357,361],{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338},{"title":342,"path":343,"stem":344},"Decision-Making under Uncertainty","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty",{"title":346,"path":347,"stem":348},"Linear Optimisation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization",{"title":350,"path":351,"stem":352},"Inventory and Allocation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356},"Queueing and Simulation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360},"Pricing and Revenue Management","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364},"Causal Targeting and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"children":369},"4. Deployment and Governance","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002Findex",[370,371,375,379],{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368},{"title":372,"path":373,"stem":374},"Data Products and Monitoring","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Governance, Fairness and Privacy","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy",{"title":380,"path":381,"stem":382},"Adoption and Business Value","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value",{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386,"children":387},"Appendix and Revision Tools","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[388,389,393,397],{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386},{"title":390,"path":391,"stem":392},"Formula and Decision Map","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map",{"title":394,"path":395,"stem":396},"Worked Examples and Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls",{"title":84,"path":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403,"children":404},"Capstone — The Evening Delivery Promise","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[405],{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409,"children":410,"page":249},"Financial Economic Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series",[411,417,423,429,435,441,447,453,459,465,471],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414,"children":415},"Financial and Economic Time Series — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[416],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414},{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420,"children":421},"Three Versions of Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge\u002Findex",[422],{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426,"children":427},"Data, Clocks, and Transformations","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations\u002Findex",[428],{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426},{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432,"children":433},"Predictive Regressions and Persistent Predictors","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions\u002Findex",[434],{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438,"children":439},"Volatility, Tails, and Financial Risk","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk\u002Findex",[440],{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438},{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444,"children":445},"Unit Roots, Cointegration, and Error Correction","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration\u002Findex",[446],{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450,"children":451},"VAR, Structural Identification, and Local Projections","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification\u002Findex",[452],{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450},{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456,"children":457},"State Space, Mixed Frequency, and Nowcasting","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting\u002Findex",[458],{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462,"children":463},"Forecast Evaluation for Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation\u002Findex",[464],{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462},{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468,"children":469},"Integrated R Laboratory","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory\u002Findex",[470],{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468},{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474,"children":475},"Capstones, Data, and Reading Ladder","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings\u002Findex",[476],{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474},{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480,"children":481,"page":249},"Intro To Economics","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics","en\u002Fintro-to-economics",[482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530],{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Introduction to Economics — Decisions, Markets, and the Macroeconomy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Chapter 1 — Choice, Opportunity Cost, and Trade","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Chapter 2 — Demand, Supply, Equilibrium, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Chapter 3 — Elasticity, Revenue, and Tax Incidence","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Chapter 4 — Firms, Market Power, and Market Failure","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Chapter 5 — GDP, Income, Wealth, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Chapter 6 — Inflation, Purchasing Power, and Labour Markets","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"Chapter 7 — Productivity, Technology, and Economic Growth","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"Chapter 8 — Money, Credit, and Banking","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Chapter 9 — Business Cycles, AD–AS, and Monetary Policy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Chapter 10 — Fiscal Policy, Distribution, and Public Debt","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},"Chapter 11 — Trade, Capital Flows, and Exchange Rates","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates",{"title":531,"path":532,"stem":533},"Chapter 12 — Integrated Economic Analysis Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies",{"title":535,"path":536,"stem":537,"children":538,"page":249},"Microeconometrics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics",[539,557,563,581,603,629,651,673,691,709],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542,"children":543},"0. Causal Questions and Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002Findex",[544,545,549,553],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542},{"title":546,"path":547,"stem":548},"Causal Questions and Estimands","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands",{"title":550,"path":551,"stem":552},"Potential Outcomes and Experiments","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments",{"title":554,"path":555,"stem":556},"Causal Diagrams and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls",{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560,"children":561},"Microeconometrics — Designing Credible Counterfactuals","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index",[562],{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560},{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566,"children":567},"1. Regression and Inference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002Findex",[568,569,573,577],{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566},{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"OLS as a Projection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"FWL, Selection and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Inference and Clustering","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584,"children":585},"2. Instruments and Panel Data","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002Findex",[586,587,591,595,599],{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},{"title":588,"path":589,"stem":590},"Instrumental Variables","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification",{"title":592,"path":593,"stem":594},"Weak Instruments and LATE","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late",{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598},"Panel Fixed Effects","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects",{"title":600,"path":601,"stem":602},"Dynamic Panels and Limits","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"children":607},"3. Policy Evaluation Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002Findex",[608,609,613,617,621,625],{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606},{"title":610,"path":611,"stem":612},"Difference-in-Differences","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core",{"title":614,"path":615,"stem":616},"Staggered DID and Event Studies","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies",{"title":618,"path":619,"stem":620},"Regression Discontinuity","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd",{"title":622,"path":623,"stem":624},"Matching, Weighting and Overlap","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting",{"title":626,"path":627,"stem":628},"Synthetic Control","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control",{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632,"children":633},"Module 4 — Choice and Limited Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002Findex",[634,635,639,643,647],{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632},{"title":636,"path":637,"stem":638},"Binary Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice",{"title":640,"path":641,"stem":642},"Multinomial and Ordered Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice",{"title":644,"path":645,"stem":646},"Count Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes",{"title":648,"path":649,"stem":650},"Censoring, Truncation and Selection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection",{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655},"Module 5 — Modern Causal Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002Findex",[656,657,661,665,669],{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654},{"title":658,"path":659,"stem":660},"Double Machine Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml",{"title":662,"path":663,"stem":664},"Heterogeneity and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy",{"title":666,"path":667,"stem":668},"Sensitivity and Partial Identification","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672},"External Validity and Transport","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity",{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676,"children":677},"Module 6 — From Data to Auditable Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002Findex",[678,679,683,687],{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676},{"title":680,"path":681,"stem":682},"Data Provenance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance",{"title":684,"path":685,"stem":686},"Reproducibility and Reporting","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting",{"title":688,"path":689,"stem":690},"Paper and Evidence Audit","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit",{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694,"children":695},"Appendix — Revision and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[696,697,701,705],{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694},{"title":698,"path":699,"stem":700},"Formula and Design Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map",{"title":702,"path":703,"stem":704},"Ten Worked Microeconometric Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls",{"title":706,"path":707,"stem":708},"Reading and Software Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map",{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712,"children":713},"Capstone — Should Northbridge Expand Pathways?","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[714],{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712},{"title":716,"path":717,"stem":718,"children":719,"page":249},"Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics",[720,726,732,738,744,750,756,762,768,774,780,786,792],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723,"children":724},"Advanced Microeconomics — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[725],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723},{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729,"children":730},"Module 1 — Choice, Duality, and Revealed Preference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations\u002Findex",[731],{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735,"children":736},"Module 2 — Comparative Statics and Welfare Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics\u002Findex",[737],{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735},{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741,"children":742},"Module 3 — Choice under Risk and Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty\u002Findex",[743],{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741},{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747,"children":748},"Module 4 — General Equilibrium and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium\u002Findex",[749],{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747},{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753,"children":754},"Module 5 — Static, Dynamic, and Repeated Games","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory\u002Findex",[755],{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753},{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759,"children":760},"Module 6 — Oligopoly, Entry, and Algorithmic Pricing","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly\u002Findex",[761],{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759},{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765,"children":766},"Module 7 — Information Economics and Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics\u002Findex",[767],{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765},{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771,"children":772},"Module 8 — Mechanism Design and Auctions","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design\u002Findex",[773],{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771},{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777,"children":778},"Module 9 — Behavioural and Experimental Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics\u002Findex",[779],{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777},{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783,"children":784},"Module 10 — Externalities, Public Goods, and Collective Action","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods\u002Findex",[785],{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783},{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"children":790},"Module 11 — Matching and Market Design","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design\u002Findex",[791],{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789},{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796},"Module 12 — Integrated Microeconomic Design Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex",[797],{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795},{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801,"children":802},"Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground","en\u002Fplayground\u002Findex",[803,804,808,812,816,820],{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801},{"title":805,"path":806,"stem":807},"Typst Plugin Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex","en\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex",{"title":809,"path":810,"stem":811},"Citation Plugin Test","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation","en\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation",{"title":813,"path":814,"stem":815},"Pyodide Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide","en\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide",{"title":817,"path":818,"stem":819},"WebR Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr","en\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr",{"title":821,"path":822,"stem":823},"Chart.js 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文献综述的构建与写作","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":1056,"path":1057,"stem":1058},"8. 文献综述清单与模板","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":1060,"path":1061,"stem":1062},"10. 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f(y_i\\mid 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,{"mathvariant":2376},".",[1888,2435,2436],{"encoding":1890},"\\ell(\\theta)=\\sum_{i=1}^n\\log f(y_i\\mid x_i;\\theta).",[1831,2438,2440,2467,2606],{"className":2439,"ariaHidden":1879},[1895],[1831,2441,2443,2446,2449,2452,2455,2458,2461,2464],{"className":2442},[1899],[1831,2444],{"className":2445,"style":1904},[1903],[1831,2447,2377],{"className":2448},[1908],[1831,2450,1857],{"className":2451},[1914],[1831,2453,1883],{"className":2454,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,2456,1886],{"className":2457},[2046],[1831,2459],{"className":2460,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,2462,2076],{"className":2463},[1980],[1831,2465],{"className":2466,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,2468,2470,2473,2537,2540,2548,2551,2554,2557,2597,2600,2603],{"className":2469},[1899],[1831,2471],{"className":2472,"style":2162},[1903],[1831,2474,2476],{"className":2475},[2166,2167],[1831,2477,2479,2529],{"className":2478},[1929,1930],[1831,2480,2482,2526],{"className":2481},[1934],[1831,2483,2485,2505,2515],{"className":2484,"style":2177},[1938],[1831,2486,2487,2490],{"style":2180},[1831,2488],{"className":2489,"style":2184},[1946],[1831,2491,2493],{"className":2492},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,2494,2496,2499,2502],{"className":2495},[1908,1954],[1831,2497,1866],{"className":2498},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,2500,2076],{"className":2501},[1980,1954],[1831,2503,2092],{"className":2504},[1908,1954],[1831,2506,2507,2510],{"style":2202},[1831,2508],{"className":2509,"style":2184},[1946],[1831,2511,2512],{},[1831,2513,2390],{"className":2514},[2166,2211,2212],[1831,2516,2517,2520],{"style":2215},[1831,2518],{"className":2519,"style":2184},[1946],[1831,2521,2523],{"className":2522},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,2524,2095],{"className":2525},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,2527,1962],{"className":2528},[1961],[1831,2530,2532],{"className":2531},[1934],[1831,2533,2535],{"className":2534,"style":2234},[1938],[1831,2536],{},[1831,2538],{"className":2539,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,2541,2543,2544],{"className":2542},[2166],"lo",[1831,2545,2547],{"style":2546},"margin-right:0.0139em;","g",[1831,2549],{"className":2550,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,2552,1852],{"className":2553,"style":1910},[1908,1909],[1831,2555,1857],{"className":2556},[1914],[1831,2558,2560,2563],{"className":2559},[1908],[1831,2561,1863],{"className":2562,"style":1921},[1908,1909],[1831,2564,2566],{"className":2565},[1925],[1831,2567,2569,2589],{"className":2568},[1929,1930],[1831,2570,2572,2586],{"className":2571},[1934],[1831,2573,2575],{"className":2574,"style":1939},[1938],[1831,2576,2577,2580],{"style":1942},[1831,2578],{"className":2579,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,2581,2583],{"className":2582},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,2584,1866],{"className":2585},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,2587,1962],{"className":2588},[1961],[1831,2590,2592],{"className":2591},[1934],[1831,2593,2595],{"className":2594,"style":1969},[1938],[1831,2596],{},[1831,2598],{"className":2599,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,2601,1869],{"className":2602},[1980],[1831,2604],{"className":2605,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,2607,2609,2612,2652,2655,2658,2661,2664],{"className":2608},[1899],[1831,2610],{"className":2611,"style":1904},[1903],[1831,2613,2615,2618],{"className":2614},[1908],[1831,2616,1874],{"className":2617},[1908,1909],[1831,2619,2621],{"className":2620},[1925],[1831,2622,2624,2644],{"className":2623},[1929,1930],[1831,2625,2627,2641],{"className":2626},[1934],[1831,2628,2630],{"className":2629,"style":1939},[1938],[1831,2631,2632,2635],{"style":2010},[1831,2633],{"className":2634,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,2636,2638],{"className":2637},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,2639,1866],{"className":2640},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,2642,1962],{"className":2643},[1961],[1831,2645,2647],{"className":2646},[1934],[1831,2648,2650],{"className":2649,"style":1969},[1938],[1831,2651],{},[1831,2653,1880],{"className":2654},[2034],[1831,2656],{"className":2657,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,2659,1883],{"className":2660,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,2662,1886],{"className":2663},[2046],[1831,2665,2433],{"className":2666},[1908],[1798,2668,2669],{},"MLE 依赖分布设定；分布错设时，估计可能仍有准最大似然解释，但推断要使用稳健方差并清楚说明目标。",[1793,2671,2673],{"id":2672},"_3-gmm","3. GMM",[1798,2675,2676],{},"若参数满足矩条件：",[1831,2678,2680],{"className":2679},[2051],[1831,2681,2683,2732],{"className":2682},[1834],[1831,2684,2686],{"className":2685},[1838],[1840,2687,2688],{"xmlns":1842,"display":2060},[1844,2689,2690,2729],{},[1847,2691,2692,2695,2698,2700,2702,2709,2711,2718,2720,2723,2725,2727],{},[1850,2693,2694],{},"E",[1854,2696,2697],{"stretchy":1856},"[",[1850,2699,2547],{},[1854,2701,1857],{"stretchy":1856},[1859,2703,2704,2707],{},[1850,2705,2706],{},"W",[1850,2708,1866],{},[1854,2710,2122],{"separator":1879},[1859,2712,2713,2715],{},[1850,2714,1883],{},[2090,2716,2717],{},"0",[1854,2719,1886],{"stretchy":1856},[1854,2721,2722],{"stretchy":1856},"]",[1854,2724,2076],{},[2090,2726,2717],{},[1854,2728,2122],{"separator":1879},[1888,2730,2731],{"encoding":1890},"E[g(W_i,\\theta_0)]=0,",[1831,2733,2735,2857],{"className":2734,"ariaHidden":1879},[1895],[1831,2736,2738,2741,2745,2748,2751,2754,2796,2799,2802,2844,2848,2851,2854],{"className":2737},[1899],[1831,2739],{"className":2740,"style":1904},[1903],[1831,2742,2694],{"className":2743,"style":2744},[1908,1909],"margin-right:0.0576em;",[1831,2746,2697],{"className":2747},[1914],[1831,2749,2547],{"className":2750,"style":1921},[1908,1909],[1831,2752,1857],{"className":2753},[1914],[1831,2755,2757,2761],{"className":2756},[1908],[1831,2758,2706],{"className":2759,"style":2760},[1908,1909],"margin-right:0.1389em;",[1831,2762,2764],{"className":2763},[1925],[1831,2765,2767,2788],{"className":2766},[1929,1930],[1831,2768,2770,2785],{"className":2769},[1934],[1831,2771,2773],{"className":2772,"style":1939},[1938],[1831,2774,2776,2779],{"style":2775},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.1389em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1831,2777],{"className":2778,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,2780,2782],{"className":2781},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,2783,1866],{"className":2784},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,2786,1962],{"className":2787},[1961],[1831,2789,2791],{"className":2790},[1934],[1831,2792,2794],{"className":2793,"style":1969},[1938],[1831,2795],{},[1831,2797,2122],{"className":2798},[2034],[1831,2800],{"className":2801,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,2803,2805,2808],{"className":2804},[1908],[1831,2806,1883],{"className":2807,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,2809,2811],{"className":2810},[1925],[1831,2812,2814,2836],{"className":2813},[1929,1930],[1831,2815,2817,2833],{"className":2816},[1934],[1831,2818,2821],{"className":2819,"style":2820},[1938],"height:0.3011em;",[1831,2822,2824,2827],{"style":2823},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0278em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1831,2825],{"className":2826,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,2828,2830],{"className":2829},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,2831,2717],{"className":2832},[1908,1954],[1831,2834,1962],{"className":2835},[1961],[1831,2837,2839],{"className":2838},[1934],[1831,2840,2842],{"className":2841,"style":1969},[1938],[1831,2843],{},[1831,2845,2847],{"className":2846},[2046],")]",[1831,2849],{"className":2850,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,2852,2076],{"className":2853},[1980],[1831,2855],{"className":2856,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,2858,2860,2864,2867],{"className":2859},[1899],[1831,2861],{"className":2862,"style":2863},[1903],"height:0.8389em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[1831,2865,2717],{"className":2866},[1908],[1831,2868,2122],{"className":2869},[2034],[1798,2871,2872,2873,3167],{},"样本矩为 ",[1831,2874,2876,2938],{"className":2875},[1834],[1831,2877,2879],{"className":2878},[1838],[1840,2880,2881],{"xmlns":1842},[1844,2882,2883,2935],{},[1847,2884,2885,2893,2895,2897,2899,2901,2913,2919,2921,2923,2929,2931,2933],{},[2886,2887,2888,2890],"mover",{"accent":1879},[1850,2889,2547],{},[1854,2891,2892],{},"ˉ",[1854,2894,1857],{"stretchy":1856},[1850,2896,1883],{},[1854,2898,1886],{"stretchy":1856},[1854,2900,2076],{},[2902,2903,2904,2906],"msup",{},[1850,2905,2095],{},[1847,2907,2908,2911],{},[1854,2909,2910],{},"−",[2090,2912,2092],{},[1859,2914,2915,2917],{},[1854,2916,2390],{},[1850,2918,1866],{},[1850,2920,2547],{},[1854,2922,1857],{"stretchy":1856},[1859,2924,2925,2927],{},[1850,2926,2706],{},[1850,2928,1866],{},[1854,2930,2122],{"separator":1879},[1850,2932,1883],{},[1854,2934,1886],{"stretchy":1856},[1888,2936,2937],{"encoding":1890},"\\bar g(\\theta)=n^{-1}\\sum_i g(W_i,\\theta)",[1831,2939,2941,3014],{"className":2940,"ariaHidden":1879},[1895],[1831,2942,2944,2947,2996,2999,3002,3005,3008,3011],{"className":2943},[1899],[1831,2945],{"className":2946,"style":1904},[1903],[1831,2948,2951],{"className":2949},[1908,2950],"accent",[1831,2952,2954,2987],{"className":2953},[1929,1930],[1831,2955,2957,2984],{"className":2956},[1934],[1831,2958,2961,2971],{"className":2959,"style":2960},[1938],"height:0.5678em;",[1831,2962,2964,2968],{"style":2963},"top:-3em;",[1831,2965],{"className":2966,"style":2967},[1946],"height:3em;",[1831,2969,2547],{"className":2970,"style":1921},[1908,1909],[1831,2972,2973,2976],{"style":2963},[1831,2974],{"className":2975,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,2977,2981],{"className":2978,"style":2980},[2979],"accent-body","left:-0.2222em;",[1831,2982,2892],{"className":2983},[1908],[1831,2985,1962],{"className":2986},[1961],[1831,2988,2990],{"className":2989},[1934],[1831,2991,2994],{"className":2992,"style":2993},[1938],"height:0.1944em;",[1831,2995],{},[1831,2997,1857],{"className":2998},[1914],[1831,3000,1883],{"className":3001,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,3003,1886],{"className":3004},[2046],[1831,3006],{"className":3007,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,3009,2076],{"className":3010},[1980],[1831,3012],{"className":3013,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,3015,3017,3021,3058,3061,3106,3109,3112,3115,3155,3158,3161,3164],{"className":3016},[1899],[1831,3018],{"className":3019,"style":3020},[1903],"height:1.1138em;vertical-align:-0.2997em;",[1831,3022,3024,3027],{"className":3023},[1908],[1831,3025,2095],{"className":3026},[1908,1909],[1831,3028,3030],{"className":3029},[1925],[1831,3031,3033],{"className":3032},[1929],[1831,3034,3036],{"className":3035},[1934],[1831,3037,3040],{"className":3038,"style":3039},[1938],"height:0.8141em;",[1831,3041,3043,3046],{"style":3042},"top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1831,3044],{"className":3045,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,3047,3049],{"className":3048},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,3050,3052,3055],{"className":3051},[1908,1954],[1831,3053,2910],{"className":3054},[1908,1954],[1831,3056,2092],{"className":3057},[1908,1954],[1831,3059],{"className":3060,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,3062,3064,3069],{"className":3063},[2166],[1831,3065,2390],{"className":3066,"style":3068},[2166,2211,3067],"small-op","position:relative;top:0em;",[1831,3070,3072],{"className":3071},[1925],[1831,3073,3075,3097],{"className":3074},[1929,1930],[1831,3076,3078,3094],{"className":3077},[1934],[1831,3079,3082],{"className":3080,"style":3081},[1938],"height:0.162em;",[1831,3083,3085,3088],{"style":3084},"top:-2.4003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1831,3086],{"className":3087,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,3089,3091],{"className":3090},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,3092,1866],{"className":3093},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,3095,1962],{"className":3096},[1961],[1831,3098,3100],{"className":3099},[1934],[1831,3101,3104],{"className":3102,"style":3103},[1938],"height:0.2997em;",[1831,3105],{},[1831,3107],{"className":3108,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,3110,2547],{"className":3111,"style":1921},[1908,1909],[1831,3113,1857],{"className":3114},[1914],[1831,3116,3118,3121],{"className":3117},[1908],[1831,3119,2706],{"className":3120,"style":2760},[1908,1909],[1831,3122,3124],{"className":3123},[1925],[1831,3125,3127,3147],{"className":3126},[1929,1930],[1831,3128,3130,3144],{"className":3129},[1934],[1831,3131,3133],{"className":3132,"style":1939},[1938],[1831,3134,3135,3138],{"style":2775},[1831,3136],{"className":3137,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,3139,3141],{"className":3140},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,3142,1866],{"className":3143},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,3145,1962],{"className":3146},[1961],[1831,3148,3150],{"className":3149},[1934],[1831,3151,3153],{"className":3152,"style":1969},[1938],[1831,3154],{},[1831,3156,2122],{"className":3157},[2034],[1831,3159],{"className":3160,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,3162,1883],{"className":3163,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,3165,1886],{"className":3166},[2046],"。GMM 选择使加权样本矩尽量接近零的参数：",[1831,3169,3171],{"className":3170},[2051],[1831,3172,3174,3246],{"className":3173},[1834],[1831,3175,3177],{"className":3176},[1838],[1840,3178,3179],{"xmlns":1842,"display":2060},[1844,3180,3181,3243],{},[1847,3182,3183,3190,3192,3195,3197,3209,3215,3217,3219,3227,3229,3235,3237,3239,3241],{},[2886,3184,3185,3187],{"accent":1879},[1850,3186,1883],{},[1854,3188,3189],{},"^",[1854,3191,2076],{},[1850,3193,3194],{},"arg",[1854,3196,2406],{},[3198,3199,3200,3207],"munder",{},[1847,3201,3202,3205],{},[1850,3203,3204],{},"min",[1854,3206,2406],{},[1850,3208,1883],{},[2886,3210,3211,3213],{"accent":1879},[1850,3212,2547],{},[1854,3214,2892],{},[1854,3216,1857],{"stretchy":1856},[1850,3218,1883],{},[2902,3220,3221,3223],{},[1854,3222,1886],{"stretchy":1856},[1854,3224,3226],{"mathvariant":2376,"lspace":3225,"rspace":3225},"0em","′",[1850,3228,2706],{},[2886,3230,3231,3233],{"accent":1879},[1850,3232,2547],{},[1854,3234,2892],{},[1854,3236,1857],{"stretchy":1856},[1850,3238,1883],{},[1854,3240,1886],{"stretchy":1856},[1850,3242,2433],{"mathvariant":2376},[1888,3244,3245],{"encoding":1890},"\\hat\\theta=\\arg\\min_\\theta \\bar g(\\theta)'W\\bar g(\\theta).",[1831,3247,3249,3298],{"className":3248,"ariaHidden":1879},[1895],[1831,3250,3252,3256,3289,3292,3295],{"className":3251},[1899],[1831,3253],{"className":3254,"style":3255},[1903],"height:0.9579em;",[1831,3257,3259],{"className":3258},[1908,2950],[1831,3260,3262],{"className":3261},[1929],[1831,3263,3265],{"className":3264},[1934],[1831,3266,3268,3276],{"className":3267,"style":3255},[1938],[1831,3269,3270,3273],{"style":2963},[1831,3271],{"className":3272,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3274,1883],{"className":3275,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,3277,3279,3282],{"style":3278},"top:-3.2634em;",[1831,3280],{"className":3281,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3283,3286],{"className":3284,"style":3285},[2979],"left:-0.1667em;",[1831,3287,3189],{"className":3288},[1908],[1831,3290],{"className":3291,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,3293,2076],{"className":3294},[1980],[1831,3296],{"className":3297,"style":1976},[1975],[1831,3299,3301,3305,3311,3314,3361,3364,3406,3409,3412,3446,3449,3491,3494,3497,3500],{"className":3300},[1899],[1831,3302],{"className":3303,"style":3304},[1903],"height:1.554em;vertical-align:-0.7521em;",[1831,3306,3308,3309],{"className":3307},[2166],"ar",[1831,3310,2547],{"style":2546},[1831,3312],{"className":3313,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,3315,3317],{"className":3316},[2166,2167],[1831,3318,3320,3352],{"className":3319},[1929,1930],[1831,3321,3323,3349],{"className":3322},[1934],[1831,3324,3327,3339],{"className":3325,"style":3326},[1938],"height:0.6679em;",[1831,3328,3330,3333],{"style":3329},"top:-2.3479em;margin-left:0em;",[1831,3331],{"className":3332,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3334,3336],{"className":3335},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,3337,1883],{"className":3338,"style":2042},[1908,1909,1954],[1831,3340,3341,3344],{"style":2963},[1831,3342],{"className":3343,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3345,3346],{},[1831,3347,3204],{"className":3348},[2166],[1831,3350,1962],{"className":3351},[1961],[1831,3353,3355],{"className":3354},[1934],[1831,3356,3359],{"className":3357,"style":3358},[1938],"height:0.7521em;",[1831,3360],{},[1831,3362],{"className":3363,"style":2038},[1975],[1831,3365,3367],{"className":3366},[1908,2950],[1831,3368,3370,3398],{"className":3369},[1929,1930],[1831,3371,3373,3395],{"className":3372},[1934],[1831,3374,3376,3384],{"className":3375,"style":2960},[1938],[1831,3377,3378,3381],{"style":2963},[1831,3379],{"className":3380,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3382,2547],{"className":3383,"style":1921},[1908,1909],[1831,3385,3386,3389],{"style":2963},[1831,3387],{"className":3388,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3390,3392],{"className":3391,"style":2980},[2979],[1831,3393,2892],{"className":3394},[1908],[1831,3396,1962],{"className":3397},[1961],[1831,3399,3401],{"className":3400},[1934],[1831,3402,3404],{"className":3403,"style":2993},[1938],[1831,3405],{},[1831,3407,1857],{"className":3408},[1914],[1831,3410,1883],{"className":3411,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,3413,3415,3418],{"className":3414},[2046],[1831,3416,1886],{"className":3417},[2046],[1831,3419,3421],{"className":3420},[1925],[1831,3422,3424],{"className":3423},[1929],[1831,3425,3427],{"className":3426},[1934],[1831,3428,3431],{"className":3429,"style":3430},[1938],"height:0.8019em;",[1831,3432,3434,3437],{"style":3433},"top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1831,3435],{"className":3436,"style":1947},[1946],[1831,3438,3440],{"className":3439},[1951,1952,1953,1954],[1831,3441,3443],{"className":3442},[1908,1954],[1831,3444,3226],{"className":3445},[1908,1954],[1831,3447,2706],{"className":3448,"style":2760},[1908,1909],[1831,3450,3452],{"className":3451},[1908,2950],[1831,3453,3455,3483],{"className":3454},[1929,1930],[1831,3456,3458,3480],{"className":3457},[1934],[1831,3459,3461,3469],{"className":3460,"style":2960},[1938],[1831,3462,3463,3466],{"style":2963},[1831,3464],{"className":3465,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3467,2547],{"className":3468,"style":1921},[1908,1909],[1831,3470,3471,3474],{"style":2963},[1831,3472],{"className":3473,"style":2967},[1946],[1831,3475,3477],{"className":3476,"style":2980},[2979],[1831,3478,2892],{"className":3479},[1908],[1831,3481,1962],{"className":3482},[1961],[1831,3484,3486],{"className":3485},[1934],[1831,3487,3489],{"className":3488,"style":2993},[1938],[1831,3490],{},[1831,3492,1857],{"className":3493},[1914],[1831,3495,1883],{"className":3496,"style":2042},[1908,1909],[1831,3498,1886],{"className":3499},[2046],[1831,3501,2433],{"className":3502},[1908],[1798,3504,3505],{},"IV、2SLS 和很多资产定价估计都可以从矩条件理解。关键在于矩条件的经济来源和权重矩阵，而不是软件命令的名称。",[1793,3507,3509],{"id":3508},"_4-因果设计的比较","4. 因果设计的比较",[3511,3512,3513,3529],"table",{},[3514,3515,3516],"thead",{},[3517,3518,3519,3523,3526],"tr",{},[3520,3521,3522],"th",{},"设计",[3520,3524,3525],{},"反事实来源",[3520,3527,3528],{},"关键假设",[3530,3531,3532,3544,3555,3566,3577],"tbody",{},[3517,3533,3534,3538,3541],{},[3535,3536,3537],"td",{},"随机实验",[3535,3539,3540],{},"随机分配",[3535,3542,3543],{},"随机化、遵从、无干扰或明确处理干扰",[3517,3545,3546,3549,3552],{},[3535,3547,3548],{},"IV",[3535,3550,3551],{},"工具产生的处理变化",[3535,3553,3554],{},"相关性、排除限制、独立性、单调性",[3517,3556,3557,3560,3563],{},[3535,3558,3559],{},"DID",[3535,3561,3562],{},"处理组的未处理趋势由对照组近似",[3535,3564,3565],{},"平行趋势及其外推稳定性",[3517,3567,3568,3571,3574],{},[3535,3569,3570],{},"RDD",[3535,3572,3573],{},"阈值两侧局部可比",[3535,3575,3576],{},"连续性、无精确操纵、带宽与函数形式",[3517,3578,3579,3582,3585],{},[3535,3580,3581],{},"匹配\u002FIPW",[3535,3583,3584],{},"条件可忽略性与重叠",[3535,3586,3587],{},"可观测变量足以控制选择，且处理概率非极端",[1798,3589,3590],{},"这些设计都需要把估计量与适用人群、时间窗口和处理版本联系起来。一个设计越局部，外部有效性问题通常越重要。",[1793,3592,3594],{"id":3593},"_5-研究分析计划","5. 研究分析计划",[1798,3596,3597],{},"写代码前完成一页分析计划：",[3599,3600,3601,3604,3607,3610,3613,3616],"ol",{},[1808,3602,3603],{},"目标参数与主结果；",[1808,3605,3606],{},"处理、结果、协变量和单位；",[1808,3608,3609],{},"反事实和识别假设；",[1808,3611,3612],{},"主估计量与标准误；",[1808,3614,3615],{},"预先指定的稳健性与异质性；",[1808,3617,3618],{},"不会被主结果改变的报告规则。",[1798,3620,3621],{},"这不是为了阻止探索，而是为了区分确认性分析和探索性分析。",[1793,3623,3624],{"id":3624},"研究生扩展",[1805,3626,3627,3630,3633,3636,3639],{},[1808,3628,3629],{},"半参数效率与 influence function；",[1808,3631,3632],{},"交叉拟合和双重稳健估计；",[1808,3634,3635],{},"局部平均处理效应与识别集合；",[1808,3637,3638],{},"部分识别、敏感性界限和 Rosenbaum bounds；",[1808,3640,3641],{},"选择后推断和机器学习中的样本外评估。",[1793,3643,3644],{"id":3644},"自测题",[3599,3646,3647,3650,3653,3656,3659],{},[1808,3648,3649],{},"识别与估计有什么不同？",[1808,3651,3652],{},"为什么分布错设会影响 MLE 的解释？",[1808,3654,3655],{},"DID 的平行趋势是关于哪个反事实的假设？",[1808,3657,3658],{},"RDD 的估计对象为什么通常是局部效应？",[1808,3660,3661],{},"为什么分析计划应在查看主结果前确定？",[1793,3663,3664],{"id":3664},"下一章",[1798,3666,3667],{},"最后一章把方法组织成一份可复现的实证项目，训练从原始数据、模型代码到最终报告的完整交付。",{"title":10,"searchDepth":3669,"depth":3669,"links":3670},2,[3671,3672,3673,3674,3675,3676,3677,3678,3679],{"id":1795,"depth":3669,"text":1796},{"id":1803,"depth":3669,"text":1803},{"id":1825,"depth":3669,"text":1826},{"id":2672,"depth":3669,"text":2673},{"id":3508,"depth":3669,"text":3509},{"id":3593,"depth":3669,"text":3594},{"id":3624,"depth":3669,"text":3624},{"id":3644,"depth":3669,"text":3644},{"id":3664,"depth":3669,"text":3664},"连接极大似然、GMM、实验、DID、RDD 与微观计量识别。","md",{},true,{"title":1350,"description":3680},"W04kBmtdfbbssQG_O6DarXttVCTyjyc42a4glWEd6ns",[3687,3689],{"title":1346,"path":1347,"stem":1348,"description":3688,"children":-1},"处理重复观测、固定效应、动态关系、平稳性和预测问题。",{"title":1354,"path":1355,"stem":1356,"description":3690,"children":-1},"用数据字典、代码、推断和研究日志完成可审计的计量项目。",1785754747766]