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Search, Evaluate, and Read Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix",{"title":27,"path":28,"stem":29},"3. From Sources to Synthesis and Argument","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs",{"title":31,"path":32,"stem":33},"4. Literature Review and a Defensible Gap","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":35,"path":36,"stem":37},"5. Research Design, Evidence, and Core Sections","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence",{"title":39,"path":40,"stem":41},"6. Citation, Paraphrasing, Integrity, and AI","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity",{"title":43,"path":44,"stem":45},"7. Revision, Review, and Submission","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission",{"title":47,"path":48,"stem":49},"8. Research Workbook","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":51,"path":52,"stem":53},"9. Research Workflow and Tools","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management",{"title":55,"path":56,"stem":57},"10. Worked Project — From Question to Defensible Conclusion","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain",{"title":59,"path":60,"stem":61,"children":62,"page":249},"Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting","en\u002Faccounting",[63,69,87,93,193],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66,"children":67},"Accounting — From Evidence to Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index","en\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index",[68],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66},{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72,"children":73},"Accounting Appendix","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[74,75,79,83],{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72},{"title":76,"path":77,"stem":78},"Worked Examples and Error Diagnosis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls",{"title":80,"path":81,"stem":82},"Accounting Glossary","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary",{"title":84,"path":85,"stem":86},"Reading and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map",{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90,"children":91},"Northstar Record-to-Decision Capstone","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[92],{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90},{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96,"children":97},"Financial Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002Findex",[98,99,117,131,165,179],{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96},{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102,"children":103},"1. Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002Findex",[104,105,109,113],{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102},{"title":106,"path":107,"stem":108},"Objectives and Qualitative Characteristics","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics",{"title":110,"path":111,"stem":112},"Equation and Elements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements",{"title":114,"path":115,"stem":116},"Accrual Basis, Estimates and Periods","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles",{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120,"children":121},"2. Recording Transactions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002Findex",[122,123,127],{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120},{"title":124,"path":125,"stem":126},"Double-Entry and Debit\u002FCredit","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr",{"title":128,"path":129,"stem":130},"Accounting Cycle","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle",{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134,"children":135},"3. Measurement and Adjustments","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002Findex",[136,137,141,145,149,153,157,161],{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134},{"title":138,"path":139,"stem":140},"Revenue Recognition","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144},"Inventory","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory",{"title":146,"path":147,"stem":148},"Receivables and Expected Credit Losses","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables",{"title":150,"path":151,"stem":152},"Property, Plant and Equipment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe",{"title":154,"path":155,"stem":156},"Intangible Assets","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles",{"title":158,"path":159,"stem":160},"Leases","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases",{"title":162,"path":163,"stem":164},"Current and Deferred Income Tax","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax",{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168,"children":169},"4. Reporting and Cash","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002Findex",[170,171,175],{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168},{"title":172,"path":173,"stem":174},"Linked Financial Statements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements",{"title":176,"path":177,"stem":178},"Cash, Reconciliation and Internal Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control",{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182,"children":183},"5. Analysis and Comparison","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002Findex",[184,185,189],{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182},{"title":186,"path":187,"stem":188},"Ratio Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis",{"title":190,"path":191,"stem":192},"IFRS versus US GAAP","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap",{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196,"children":197},"Management Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002Findex",[198,199,217,235],{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196},{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"children":203},"1. Cost Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002Findex",[204,205,209,213],{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202},{"title":206,"path":207,"stem":208},"Cost Concepts and Behaviour","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts",{"title":210,"path":211,"stem":212},"Costing Systems","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems",{"title":214,"path":215,"stem":216},"Variable and Absorption Costing","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption",{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220,"children":221},"2. Planning and Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002Findex",[222,223,227,231],{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220},{"title":224,"path":225,"stem":226},"Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis",{"title":228,"path":229,"stem":230},"Budgeting and Variance Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances",{"title":232,"path":233,"stem":234},"Performance Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement",{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238,"children":239},"3. Decisions and Investment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002Findex",[240,241,245],{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238},{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244},"Short-Term Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions",{"title":246,"path":247,"stem":248},"Capital Budgeting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting",false,{"title":251,"path":252,"stem":253,"children":254,"page":249},"Business Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics",[255,261,279,305,335,365,383,400],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258,"children":259},"Business Analytics — From Data to Defensible Action","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index",[260],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258},{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264,"children":265},"0. Decision and Data Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[266,267,271,275],{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264},{"title":268,"path":269,"stem":270},"Decision Framing","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing",{"title":272,"path":273,"stem":274},"Data Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts",{"title":276,"path":277,"stem":278},"Reproducible Analytics Workflow","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow",{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282,"children":283},"1. Descriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002Findex",[284,285,289,293,297,301],{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282},{"title":286,"path":287,"stem":288},"Distributions and Exploratory Data Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda",{"title":290,"path":291,"stem":292},"KPIs and Denominators","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators",{"title":294,"path":295,"stem":296},"Segments, Cohorts and Funnels","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels",{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300},"Visual Evidence and Data Stories","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story",{"title":302,"path":303,"stem":304},"Experiments and Causal Boundaries","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary",{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308,"children":309},"2. Predictive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002Findex",[310,311,315,319,323,327,331],{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308},{"title":312,"path":313,"stem":314},"Validation, Baselines and Leakage","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage",{"title":316,"path":317,"stem":318},"Regression and Forecasting","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting",{"title":320,"path":321,"stem":322},"Classification and Calibration","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration",{"title":324,"path":325,"stem":326},"Trees and Ensembles","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles",{"title":328,"path":329,"stem":330},"Decision Metrics and Thresholds","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds",{"title":332,"path":333,"stem":334},"Explainability, Monitoring and Drift","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift",{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338,"children":339},"3. Prescriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002Findex",[340,341,345,349,353,357,361],{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338},{"title":342,"path":343,"stem":344},"Decision-Making under Uncertainty","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty",{"title":346,"path":347,"stem":348},"Linear Optimisation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization",{"title":350,"path":351,"stem":352},"Inventory and Allocation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356},"Queueing and Simulation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360},"Pricing and Revenue Management","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364},"Causal Targeting and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"children":369},"4. Deployment and Governance","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002Findex",[370,371,375,379],{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368},{"title":372,"path":373,"stem":374},"Data Products and Monitoring","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Governance, Fairness and Privacy","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy",{"title":380,"path":381,"stem":382},"Adoption and Business Value","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value",{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386,"children":387},"Appendix and Revision Tools","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[388,389,393,397],{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386},{"title":390,"path":391,"stem":392},"Formula and Decision Map","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map",{"title":394,"path":395,"stem":396},"Worked Examples and Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls",{"title":84,"path":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403,"children":404},"Capstone — The Evening Delivery Promise","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[405],{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409,"children":410,"page":249},"Financial Economic Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series",[411,417,423,429,435,441,447,453,459,465,471],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414,"children":415},"Financial and Economic Time Series — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[416],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414},{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420,"children":421},"Three Versions of Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge\u002Findex",[422],{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426,"children":427},"Data, Clocks, and Transformations","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations\u002Findex",[428],{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426},{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432,"children":433},"Predictive Regressions and Persistent Predictors","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions\u002Findex",[434],{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438,"children":439},"Volatility, Tails, and Financial Risk","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk\u002Findex",[440],{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438},{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444,"children":445},"Unit Roots, Cointegration, and Error Correction","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration\u002Findex",[446],{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450,"children":451},"VAR, Structural Identification, and Local Projections","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification\u002Findex",[452],{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450},{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456,"children":457},"State Space, Mixed Frequency, and Nowcasting","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting\u002Findex",[458],{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462,"children":463},"Forecast Evaluation for Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation\u002Findex",[464],{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462},{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468,"children":469},"Integrated R Laboratory","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory\u002Findex",[470],{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468},{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474,"children":475},"Capstones, Data, and Reading Ladder","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings\u002Findex",[476],{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474},{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480,"children":481,"page":249},"Intro To Economics","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics","en\u002Fintro-to-economics",[482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530],{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Introduction to Economics — Decisions, Markets, and the Macroeconomy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Chapter 1 — Choice, Opportunity Cost, and Trade","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Chapter 2 — Demand, Supply, Equilibrium, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Chapter 3 — Elasticity, Revenue, and Tax Incidence","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Chapter 4 — Firms, Market Power, and Market Failure","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Chapter 5 — GDP, Income, Wealth, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Chapter 6 — Inflation, Purchasing Power, and Labour Markets","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"Chapter 7 — Productivity, Technology, and Economic Growth","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"Chapter 8 — Money, Credit, and Banking","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Chapter 9 — Business Cycles, AD–AS, and Monetary Policy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Chapter 10 — Fiscal Policy, Distribution, and Public Debt","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},"Chapter 11 — Trade, Capital Flows, and Exchange Rates","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates",{"title":531,"path":532,"stem":533},"Chapter 12 — Integrated Economic Analysis Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies",{"title":535,"path":536,"stem":537,"children":538,"page":249},"Microeconometrics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics",[539,557,563,581,603,629,651,673,691,709],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542,"children":543},"0. Causal Questions and Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002Findex",[544,545,549,553],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542},{"title":546,"path":547,"stem":548},"Causal Questions and Estimands","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands",{"title":550,"path":551,"stem":552},"Potential Outcomes and Experiments","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments",{"title":554,"path":555,"stem":556},"Causal Diagrams and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls",{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560,"children":561},"Microeconometrics — Designing Credible Counterfactuals","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index",[562],{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560},{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566,"children":567},"1. Regression and Inference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002Findex",[568,569,573,577],{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566},{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"OLS as a Projection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"FWL, Selection and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Inference and Clustering","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584,"children":585},"2. Instruments and Panel Data","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002Findex",[586,587,591,595,599],{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},{"title":588,"path":589,"stem":590},"Instrumental Variables","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification",{"title":592,"path":593,"stem":594},"Weak Instruments and LATE","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late",{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598},"Panel Fixed Effects","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects",{"title":600,"path":601,"stem":602},"Dynamic Panels and Limits","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"children":607},"3. Policy Evaluation Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002Findex",[608,609,613,617,621,625],{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606},{"title":610,"path":611,"stem":612},"Difference-in-Differences","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core",{"title":614,"path":615,"stem":616},"Staggered DID and Event Studies","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies",{"title":618,"path":619,"stem":620},"Regression Discontinuity","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd",{"title":622,"path":623,"stem":624},"Matching, Weighting and Overlap","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting",{"title":626,"path":627,"stem":628},"Synthetic Control","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control",{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632,"children":633},"Module 4 — Choice and Limited Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002Findex",[634,635,639,643,647],{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632},{"title":636,"path":637,"stem":638},"Binary Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice",{"title":640,"path":641,"stem":642},"Multinomial and Ordered Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice",{"title":644,"path":645,"stem":646},"Count Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes",{"title":648,"path":649,"stem":650},"Censoring, Truncation and Selection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection",{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655},"Module 5 — Modern Causal Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002Findex",[656,657,661,665,669],{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654},{"title":658,"path":659,"stem":660},"Double Machine Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml",{"title":662,"path":663,"stem":664},"Heterogeneity and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy",{"title":666,"path":667,"stem":668},"Sensitivity and Partial Identification","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672},"External Validity and Transport","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity",{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676,"children":677},"Module 6 — From Data to Auditable Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002Findex",[678,679,683,687],{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676},{"title":680,"path":681,"stem":682},"Data Provenance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance",{"title":684,"path":685,"stem":686},"Reproducibility and Reporting","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting",{"title":688,"path":689,"stem":690},"Paper and Evidence Audit","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit",{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694,"children":695},"Appendix — Revision and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[696,697,701,705],{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694},{"title":698,"path":699,"stem":700},"Formula and Design Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map",{"title":702,"path":703,"stem":704},"Ten Worked Microeconometric Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls",{"title":706,"path":707,"stem":708},"Reading and Software Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map",{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712,"children":713},"Capstone — Should Northbridge Expand Pathways?","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[714],{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712},{"title":716,"path":717,"stem":718,"children":719,"page":249},"Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics",[720,726,732,738,744,750,756,762,768,774,780,786,792],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723,"children":724},"Advanced Microeconomics — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[725],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723},{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729,"children":730},"Module 1 — Choice, Duality, and Revealed Preference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations\u002Findex",[731],{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735,"children":736},"Module 2 — Comparative Statics and Welfare Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics\u002Findex",[737],{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735},{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741,"children":742},"Module 3 — Choice under Risk and Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty\u002Findex",[743],{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741},{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747,"children":748},"Module 4 — General Equilibrium and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium\u002Findex",[749],{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747},{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753,"children":754},"Module 5 — Static, Dynamic, and Repeated Games","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory\u002Findex",[755],{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753},{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759,"children":760},"Module 6 — Oligopoly, Entry, and Algorithmic Pricing","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly\u002Findex",[761],{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759},{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765,"children":766},"Module 7 — Information Economics and Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics\u002Findex",[767],{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765},{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771,"children":772},"Module 8 — Mechanism Design and Auctions","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design\u002Findex",[773],{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771},{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777,"children":778},"Module 9 — Behavioural and Experimental Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics\u002Findex",[779],{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777},{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783,"children":784},"Module 10 — Externalities, Public Goods, and Collective Action","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods\u002Findex",[785],{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783},{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"children":790},"Module 11 — Matching and Market Design","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design\u002Findex",[791],{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789},{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796},"Module 12 — Integrated Microeconomic Design Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex",[797],{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795},{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801,"children":802},"Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground","en\u002Fplayground\u002Findex",[803,804,808,812,816,820],{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801},{"title":805,"path":806,"stem":807},"Typst Plugin Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex","en\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex",{"title":809,"path":810,"stem":811},"Citation Plugin Test","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation","en\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation",{"title":813,"path":814,"stem":815},"Pyodide Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide","en\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide",{"title":817,"path":818,"stem":819},"WebR Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr","en\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr",{"title":821,"path":822,"stem":823},"Chart.js 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文献综述的构建与写作","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":1056,"path":1057,"stem":1058},"8. 文献综述清单与模板","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":1060,"path":1061,"stem":1062},"10. 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策略全流程","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F09-case-study","zh\u002Fquant\u002F09-case-study",{"title":1779,"path":1780,"stem":1781},"量化投资文献与软件图谱","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F10-reading-software-map","zh\u002Fquant\u002F10-reading-software-map",{"path":1621},{"id":1784,"title":793,"body":1785,"description":3198,"extension":3199,"features":3200,"hero":3200,"layout":3200,"locale":3200,"meta":3201,"navigation":3200,"path":794,"published":3202,"seo":3203,"stem":795,"__hash__":3204},"docs\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex.md",{"type":1786,"value":1787,"toc":3173},"minimark",[1788,1792,1797,1801,1805,1808,1824,1828,1928,1931,1935,1939,1942,1969,1973,1978,1981,1985,2079,2083,2086,2148,2151,2155,2158,2322,2325,2328,2332,2404,2407,2411,2415,2418,2435,2438,2590,2593,2597,2600,2695,2698,2702,2705,2708,2712,2784,2787,2791,2874,2882,2886,3040,3044,3047,3073,3143,3146,3150,3170],[1789,1790,793],"h1",{"id":1791},"module-12-integrated-microeconomic-design-studio",[1793,1794,1796],"h2",{"id":1795},"core-question","Core question",[1798,1799,1800],"p",{},"Can you choose the smallest useful model, solve it correctly, test it against evidence, and redesign the institution without hiding the trade-offs?",[1793,1802,1804],{"id":1803},"learning-outcomes","Learning outcomes",[1798,1806,1807],{},"You will be able to:",[1809,1810,1811,1815,1818,1821],"ul",{},[1812,1813,1814],"li",{},"combine models while keeping their assumptions distinct;",[1812,1816,1817],{},"move from private choice to equilibrium, welfare, and implementation;",[1812,1819,1820],{},"diagnose a digital platform and a climate-insurance market;",[1812,1822,1823],{},"write a compact design memo with a falsifiable recommendation.",[1793,1825,1827],{"id":1826},"_1-model-selection-is-part-of-the-answer","1. Model selection is part of the answer",[1829,1830,1831,1847],"table",{},[1832,1833,1834],"thead",{},[1835,1836,1837,1841,1844],"tr",{},[1838,1839,1840],"th",{},"Observed problem",[1838,1842,1843],{},"First diagnostic",[1838,1845,1846],{},"Add when necessary",[1848,1849,1850,1862,1873,1884,1895,1906,1917],"tbody",{},[1835,1851,1852,1856,1859],{},[1853,1854,1855],"td",{},"demand changes after price",[1853,1857,1858],{},"consumer choice\u002FSlutsky",[1853,1860,1861],{},"attention, quality, network effects",[1835,1863,1864,1867,1870],{},[1853,1865,1866],{},"prices remain high with several sellers",[1853,1868,1869],{},"differentiated oligopoly",[1853,1871,1872],{},"search, capacity, repeated algorithms",[1835,1874,1875,1878,1881],{},[1853,1876,1877],{},"good products leave",[1853,1879,1880],{},"adverse selection",[1853,1882,1883],{},"certification, screening, regulation",[1835,1885,1886,1889,1892],{},[1853,1887,1888],{},"effort falls after protection",[1853,1890,1891],{},"moral hazard",[1853,1893,1894],{},"monitoring and dynamic contract",[1835,1896,1897,1900,1903],{},[1853,1898,1899],{},"bids are strategic",[1853,1901,1902],{},"auction\u002Fmechanism",[1853,1904,1905],{},"budgets, common values, collusion",[1835,1907,1908,1911,1914],{},[1853,1909,1910],{},"applicants bypass a system",[1853,1912,1913],{},"matching stability",[1853,1915,1916],{},"cognition, list limits, priorities",[1835,1918,1919,1922,1925],{},[1853,1920,1921],{},"private action harms others",[1853,1923,1924],{},"externality",[1853,1926,1927],{},"general equilibrium and distribution",[1798,1929,1930],{},"Do not stack theories decoratively. Add a model only when it explains a margin the previous model omits.",[1793,1932,1934],{"id":1933},"_2-the-design-chain","2. The design chain",[1936,1937],"mermaid-diagram",{"code64":1938,"locale":7},"Zmxvd2NoYXJ0IExSCiAgR29hbFtPYmplY3RpdmUgYW5kIGNvdW50ZXJmYWN0dWFsXSAtLT4gUHJpbWl0aXZlW0FnZW50cywgdHlwZXMsIGFjdGlvbnMsIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uXQogIFByaW1pdGl2ZSAtLT4gUnVsZVtQcmljZXMsIGNvbnRyYWN0cywgYWxnb3JpdGhtLCBvciBwcmlvcml0eV0KICBSdWxlIC0tPiBFcVtCZWhhdmlvdXIgYW5kIGVxdWlsaWJyaXVtXQogIEVxIC0tPiBXZWxmYXJlW0VmZmljaWVuY3kgYW5kIGRpc3RyaWJ1dGlvbl0KICBXZWxmYXJlIC0tPiBFdmlkZW5jZVtFdmlkZW5jZSBhbmQgdW5jZXJ0YWludHldCiAgRXZpZGVuY2UgLS0+IFJlZGVzaWduW0ltcGxlbWVudGF0aW9uLCBhdWRpdCwgcmV2aXNpb25d",[1798,1940,1941],{},"A complete short answer contains:",[1943,1944,1945,1948,1951,1954,1957,1960,1963,1966],"ol",{},[1812,1946,1947],{},"outcome and counterfactual;",[1812,1949,1950],{},"primitives and timing;",[1812,1952,1953],{},"solution concept;",[1812,1955,1956],{},"one solved mechanism or comparative static;",[1812,1958,1959],{},"welfare criterion and incidence;",[1812,1961,1962],{},"evidence tied to one claim;",[1812,1964,1965],{},"boundary and failure mode;",[1812,1967,1968],{},"recommendation plus review trigger.",[1793,1970,1972],{"id":1971},"_3-case-a-an-ai-service-marketplace","3. Case A — an AI-service marketplace",[1974,1975,1977],"h3",{"id":1976},"environment","Environment",[1798,1979,1980],{},"A cloud platform hosts foundation-model providers and downstream apps. It supplies compute, ranks services, sells sponsored positions, charges commission, and offers its own model. Users differ in price sensitivity and cannot fully observe reliability; developers can multi-home at a cost.",[1974,1982,1984],{"id":1983},"map-the-theory","Map the theory",[1829,1986,1987,1997],{},[1832,1988,1989],{},[1835,1990,1991,1994],{},[1838,1992,1993],{},"Module",[1838,1995,1996],{},"Question for the platform",[1848,1998,1999,2007,2015,2023,2031,2039,2047,2055,2063,2071],{},[1835,2000,2001,2004],{},[1853,2002,2003],{},"choice\u002Fduality",[1853,2005,2006],{},"how do price, quality, and switching cost change demand?",[1835,2008,2009,2012],{},[1853,2010,2011],{},"welfare",[1853,2013,2014],{},"what is users' willingness to pay for reliability or portability?",[1835,2016,2017,2020],{},[1853,2018,2019],{},"uncertainty",[1853,2021,2022],{},"how are rare model failures valued and insured?",[1835,2024,2025,2028],{},[1853,2026,2027],{},"general equilibrium",[1853,2029,2030],{},"how does scarce compute affect downstream entry and prices?",[1835,2032,2033,2036],{},[1853,2034,2035],{},"games\u002Foligopoly",[1853,2037,2038],{},"do providers price, invest, or coordinate dynamically?",[1835,2040,2041,2044],{},[1853,2042,2043],{},"information",[1853,2045,2046],{},"who knows model quality, training data, and safety effort?",[1835,2048,2049,2052],{},[1853,2050,2051],{},"mechanism design",[1853,2053,2054],{},"how are sponsored slots and compute capacity allocated?",[1835,2056,2057,2060],{},[1853,2058,2059],{},"behavioural",[1853,2061,2062],{},"do defaults and rankings substitute for informed choice?",[1835,2064,2065,2068],{},[1853,2066,2067],{},"externalities",[1853,2069,2070],{},"who bears misinformation, privacy, or energy costs?",[1835,2072,2073,2076],{},[1853,2074,2075],{},"matching",[1853,2077,2078],{},"how are users routed to models with different capabilities?",[1974,2080,2082],{"id":2081},"a-small-ranking-calculation","A small ranking calculation",[1798,2084,2085],{},"Three providers bid per click and have estimated relevance:",[1829,2087,2088,2105],{},[1832,2089,2090],{},[1835,2091,2092,2095,2099,2102],{},[1838,2093,2094],{},"Provider",[1838,2096,2098],{"align":2097},"right","bid",[1838,2100,2101],{"align":2097},"relevance",[1838,2103,2104],{"align":2097},"bid × relevance",[1848,2106,2107,2121,2135],{},[1835,2108,2109,2112,2115,2118],{},[1853,2110,2111],{},"A",[1853,2113,2114],{"align":2097},"£4",[1853,2116,2117],{"align":2097},"0.90",[1853,2119,2120],{"align":2097},"3.60",[1835,2122,2123,2126,2129,2132],{},[1853,2124,2125],{},"B",[1853,2127,2128],{"align":2097},"£3",[1853,2130,2131],{"align":2097},"1.00",[1853,2133,2134],{"align":2097},"3.00",[1835,2136,2137,2140,2143,2146],{},[1853,2138,2139],{},"C",[1853,2141,2142],{"align":2097},"£1",[1853,2144,2145],{"align":2097},"0.80",[1853,2147,2145],{"align":2097},[1798,2149,2150],{},"A score auction ranks A first. But the score embeds only bid and predicted relevance. If reliability, privacy, competition, or organic downstream prices matter, ranking by this score is not a welfare theorem.",[1974,2152,2154],{"id":2153},"information-and-incentive-problem","Information and incentive problem",[1798,2156,2157],{},"Suppose high safety effort costs a provider £1 million, reduces failure probability from 4% to 1%, and each failure imposes expected user loss of £40 million. The social expected benefit of effort is:",[2159,2160,2163],"span",{"className":2161},[2162],"katex-display",[2159,2164,2167,2233],{"className":2165},[2166],"katex",[2159,2168,2171],{"className":2169},[2170],"katex-mathml",[2172,2173,2176],"math",{"xmlns":2174,"display":2175},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML","block",[2177,2178,2179,2228],"semantics",{},[2180,2181,2182,2187,2191,2194,2197,2200,2202,2207,2210,2213,2215,2218,2220,2223,2225],"mrow",{},[2183,2184,2186],"mo",{"stretchy":2185},"false","(",[2188,2189,2190],"mn",{},"0.04",[2183,2192,2193],{},"−",[2188,2195,2196],{},"0.01",[2183,2198,2199],{"stretchy":2185},")",[2183,2201,2186],{"stretchy":2185},[2203,2204,2206],"mi",{"mathvariant":2205},"normal","£",[2188,2208,2209],{},"40",[2203,2211,2212],{},"m",[2183,2214,2199],{"stretchy":2185},[2183,2216,2217],{},"=",[2203,2219,2206],{"mathvariant":2205},[2188,2221,2222],{},"1.2",[2203,2224,2212],{},[2203,2226,2227],{"mathvariant":2205},".",[2229,2230,2232],"annotation",{"encoding":2231},"application\u002Fx-tex","(0.04-0.01)(£40m)=£1.2m.",[2159,2234,2238,2267,2305],{"className":2235,"ariaHidden":2237},[2236],"katex-html","true",[2159,2239,2242,2247,2251,2255,2260,2264],{"className":2240},[2241],"base",[2159,2243],{"className":2244,"style":2246},[2245],"strut","height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[2159,2248,2186],{"className":2249},[2250],"mopen",[2159,2252,2190],{"className":2253},[2254],"mord",[2159,2256],{"className":2257,"style":2259},[2258],"mspace","margin-right:0.2222em;",[2159,2261,2193],{"className":2262},[2263],"mbin",[2159,2265],{"className":2266,"style":2259},[2258],[2159,2268,2270,2273,2276,2280,2283,2287,2291,2294,2298,2302],{"className":2269},[2241],[2159,2271],{"className":2272,"style":2246},[2245],[2159,2274,2196],{"className":2275},[2254],[2159,2277,2199],{"className":2278},[2279],"mclose",[2159,2281,2186],{"className":2282},[2250],[2159,2284,2286],{"className":2285},[2254],"£40",[2159,2288,2212],{"className":2289},[2254,2290],"mathnormal",[2159,2292,2199],{"className":2293},[2279],[2159,2295],{"className":2296,"style":2297},[2258],"margin-right:0.2778em;",[2159,2299,2217],{"className":2300},[2301],"mrel",[2159,2303],{"className":2304,"style":2297},[2258],[2159,2306,2308,2312,2316,2319],{"className":2307},[2241],[2159,2309],{"className":2310,"style":2311},[2245],"height:0.6944em;",[2159,2313,2315],{"className":2314},[2254],"£1.2",[2159,2317,2212],{"className":2318},[2254,2290],[2159,2320,2227],{"className":2321},[2254],[1798,2323,2324],{},"Effort creates net expected social value of £0.2 million. Yet the provider chooses it only if liability, reputation, lost ranking, insurance price, or contract reward lets it capture at least the £1 million private cost.",[1798,2326,2327],{},"This is a hidden-action externality. A disclosure rule alone may not create the missing incentive; strict liability may create it but can deter entry or be hard to enforce.",[1974,2329,2331],{"id":2330},"design-options","Design options",[1829,2333,2334,2347],{},[1832,2335,2336],{},[1835,2337,2338,2341,2344],{},[1838,2339,2340],{},"Rule",[1838,2342,2343],{},"Intended mechanism",[1838,2345,2346],{},"Failure to test",[1848,2348,2349,2360,2371,2382,2393],{},[1835,2350,2351,2354,2357],{},[1853,2352,2353],{},"portability\u002Finteroperability",[1853,2355,2356],{},"reduce switching and entry barriers",[1853,2358,2359],{},"security and low adoption",[1835,2361,2362,2365,2368],{},[1853,2363,2364],{},"quality-adjusted ranking",[1853,2366,2367],{},"reward reliability",[1853,2369,2370],{},"metric gaming and platform self-preference",[1835,2372,2373,2376,2379],{},[1853,2374,2375],{},"auditable incident reporting",[1853,2377,2378],{},"improve information\u002Freputation",[1853,2380,2381],{},"under-reporting and incomparable events",[1835,2383,2384,2387,2390],{},[1853,2385,2386],{},"auction separation",[1853,2388,2389],{},"limit ranking–commission conflict",[1853,2391,2392],{},"weaker integration efficiencies",[1835,2394,2395,2398,2401],{},[1853,2396,2397],{},"compute-access commitments",[1853,2399,2400],{},"protect downstream entry",[1853,2402,2403],{},"capacity allocation and investment incentives",[1798,2405,2406],{},"CMA's 2024 mapping of foundation-model partnerships is evidence about structure and possible bottlenecks, not direct proof of harm. Bergemann, Bonatti, and Wu's 2025 model shows that an ad mechanism can affect off-platform product prices, not the realised effect of one platform. Use each source only for the claim it identifies.",[1793,2408,2410],{"id":2409},"_4-case-b-climate-risk-home-insurance","4. Case B — climate-risk home insurance",[1974,2412,2414],{"id":2413},"adverse-selection-arithmetic","Adverse-selection arithmetic",[1798,2416,2417],{},"Two equally common household types face a £100,000 loss:",[1809,2419,2420,2428],{},[1812,2421,2422,2423,2427],{},"low risk: ",[2424,2425,2426],"code",{},"p_L=0.02",", fair expected loss £2,000;",[1812,2429,2430,2431,2434],{},"high risk: ",[2424,2432,2433],{},"p_H=0.10",", fair expected loss £10,000.",[1798,2436,2437],{},"If risk is unobserved, the break-even pooling premium is:",[2159,2439,2441],{"className":2440},[2162],[2159,2442,2444,2489],{"className":2443},[2166],[2159,2445,2447],{"className":2446},[2170],[2172,2448,2449],{"xmlns":2174,"display":2175},[2177,2450,2451,2486],{},[2180,2452,2453,2456,2458,2460,2463,2465,2468,2470,2472,2474,2477,2479,2481,2483],{},[2188,2454,2455],{},"0.5",[2183,2457,2186],{"stretchy":2185},[2203,2459,2206],{"mathvariant":2205},[2188,2461,2462],{},"2,000",[2183,2464,2199],{"stretchy":2185},[2183,2466,2467],{},"+",[2188,2469,2455],{},[2183,2471,2186],{"stretchy":2185},[2203,2473,2206],{"mathvariant":2205},[2188,2475,2476],{},"10,000",[2183,2478,2199],{"stretchy":2185},[2183,2480,2217],{},[2203,2482,2206],{"mathvariant":2205},[2188,2484,2485],{},"6,000.",[2229,2487,2488],{"encoding":2231},"0.5(£2{,}000)+0.5(£10{,}000)=£6{,}000.",[2159,2490,2492,2532,2569],{"className":2491,"ariaHidden":2237},[2236],[2159,2493,2495,2498,2501,2504,2508,2516,2520,2523,2526,2529],{"className":2494},[2241],[2159,2496],{"className":2497,"style":2246},[2245],[2159,2499,2455],{"className":2500},[2254],[2159,2502,2186],{"className":2503},[2250],[2159,2505,2507],{"className":2506},[2254],"£2",[2159,2509,2511],{"className":2510},[2254],[2159,2512,2515],{"className":2513},[2514],"mpunct",",",[2159,2517,2519],{"className":2518},[2254],"000",[2159,2521,2199],{"className":2522},[2279],[2159,2524],{"className":2525,"style":2259},[2258],[2159,2527,2467],{"className":2528},[2263],[2159,2530],{"className":2531,"style":2259},[2258],[2159,2533,2535,2538,2541,2544,2548,2554,2557,2560,2563,2566],{"className":2534},[2241],[2159,2536],{"className":2537,"style":2246},[2245],[2159,2539,2455],{"className":2540},[2254],[2159,2542,2186],{"className":2543},[2250],[2159,2545,2547],{"className":2546},[2254],"£10",[2159,2549,2551],{"className":2550},[2254],[2159,2552,2515],{"className":2553},[2514],[2159,2555,2519],{"className":2556},[2254],[2159,2558,2199],{"className":2559},[2279],[2159,2561],{"className":2562,"style":2297},[2258],[2159,2564,2217],{"className":2565},[2301],[2159,2567],{"className":2568,"style":2297},[2258],[2159,2570,2572,2576,2580,2586],{"className":2571},[2241],[2159,2573],{"className":2574,"style":2575},[2245],"height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[2159,2577,2579],{"className":2578},[2254],"£6",[2159,2581,2583],{"className":2582},[2254],[2159,2584,2515],{"className":2585},[2514],[2159,2587,2589],{"className":2588},[2254],"000.",[1798,2591,2592],{},"If low-risk households value coverage below £6,000 and exit, the remaining pool costs £10,000 per policy. A premium rise can therefore worsen the pool rather than simply reduce quantity along a fixed demand curve.",[1974,2594,2596],{"id":2595},"add-hidden-prevention","Add hidden prevention",[1798,2598,2599],{},"Home hardening costs £1,500 and reduces high-risk loss probability from 10% to 7%. Expected loss falls by:",[2159,2601,2603],{"className":2602},[2162],[2159,2604,2606,2637],{"className":2605},[2166],[2159,2607,2609],{"className":2608},[2170],[2172,2610,2611],{"xmlns":2174,"display":2175},[2177,2612,2613,2634],{},[2180,2614,2615,2618,2620,2622,2625,2627,2629,2631],{},[2188,2616,2617],{},"0.03",[2183,2619,2186],{"stretchy":2185},[2203,2621,2206],{"mathvariant":2205},[2188,2623,2624],{},"100,000",[2183,2626,2199],{"stretchy":2185},[2183,2628,2217],{},[2203,2630,2206],{"mathvariant":2205},[2188,2632,2633],{},"3,000.",[2229,2635,2636],{"encoding":2231},"0.03(£100{,}000)=£3{,}000.",[2159,2638,2640,2677],{"className":2639,"ariaHidden":2237},[2236],[2159,2641,2643,2646,2649,2652,2656,2662,2665,2668,2671,2674],{"className":2642},[2241],[2159,2644],{"className":2645,"style":2246},[2245],[2159,2647,2617],{"className":2648},[2254],[2159,2650,2186],{"className":2651},[2250],[2159,2653,2655],{"className":2654},[2254],"£100",[2159,2657,2659],{"className":2658},[2254],[2159,2660,2515],{"className":2661},[2514],[2159,2663,2519],{"className":2664},[2254],[2159,2666,2199],{"className":2667},[2279],[2159,2669],{"className":2670,"style":2297},[2258],[2159,2672,2217],{"className":2673},[2301],[2159,2675],{"className":2676,"style":2297},[2258],[2159,2678,2680,2683,2686,2692],{"className":2679},[2241],[2159,2681],{"className":2682,"style":2575},[2245],[2159,2684,2128],{"className":2685},[2254],[2159,2687,2689],{"className":2688},[2254],[2159,2690,2515],{"className":2691},[2514],[2159,2693,2589],{"className":2694},[2254],[1798,2696,2697],{},"Prevention is socially valuable, but full insurance can weaken the household's private return if the action is unobserved. Inspection, premium discount, deductible, or public grant can restore incentives, each with administrative and distributional costs.",[1974,2699,2701],{"id":2700},"add-classification-and-regulation","Add classification and regulation",[1798,2703,2704],{},"Richer parcel-level risk models can align premium with expected loss and reward prevention, but can also make high-risk homes unaffordable and capitalise climate risk into property values. Coarse regulated classes provide cross-subsidy yet can induce insurer selection or withdrawal.",[1798,2706,2707],{},"The Boomhower et al. working paper documents heterogeneous wildfire-risk classification and potential adverse selection among insurers. It does not itself choose the social allocation of catastrophic risk among households, insurers, reinsurers, and taxpayers.",[1974,2709,2711],{"id":2710},"policy-menu","Policy menu",[1829,2713,2714,2727],{},[1832,2715,2716],{},[1835,2717,2718,2721,2724],{},[1838,2719,2720],{},"Option",[1838,2722,2723],{},"Efficiency channel",[1838,2725,2726],{},"Equity\u002Fimplementation issue",[1848,2728,2729,2740,2751,2762,2773],{},[1835,2730,2731,2734,2737],{},[1853,2732,2733],{},"risk-based price",[1853,2735,2736],{},"signals exposure and prevention",[1853,2738,2739],{},"affordability and stranded assets",[1835,2741,2742,2745,2748],{},[1853,2743,2744],{},"means-tested premium aid",[1853,2746,2747],{},"preserves marginal risk price",[1853,2749,2750],{},"eligibility and fiscal cost",[1835,2752,2753,2756,2759],{},[1853,2754,2755],{},"public reinsurance",[1853,2757,2758],{},"pools catastrophe tail risk",[1853,2760,2761],{},"taxpayer exposure and pricing",[1835,2763,2764,2767,2770],{},[1853,2765,2766],{},"mitigation subsidy\u002Fstandard",[1853,2768,2769],{},"lowers expected loss",[1853,2771,2772],{},"verification and inframarginal payments",[1835,2774,2775,2778,2781],{},[1853,2776,2777],{},"managed retreat\u002Fbuyout",[1853,2779,2780],{},"removes extreme exposure",[1853,2782,2783],{},"valuation, consent, community loss",[1798,2785,2786],{},"No single instrument solves risk transfer, prevention, affordability, land use, and aggregate climate externality.",[1793,2788,2790],{"id":2789},"_5-compare-the-cases","5. Compare the cases",[1829,2792,2793,2806],{},[1832,2794,2795],{},[1835,2796,2797,2800,2803],{},[1838,2798,2799],{},"Dimension",[1838,2801,2802],{},"AI marketplace",[1838,2804,2805],{},"Climate insurance",[1848,2807,2808,2819,2830,2841,2852,2863],{},[1835,2809,2810,2813,2816],{},[1853,2811,2812],{},"scarce resource",[1853,2814,2815],{},"attention, compute, data, distribution",[1853,2817,2818],{},"risk-bearing capacity and safe land",[1835,2820,2821,2824,2827],{},[1853,2822,2823],{},"hidden information",[1853,2825,2826],{},"quality, costs, reliability",[1853,2828,2829],{},"parcel risk and household type",[1835,2831,2832,2835,2838],{},[1853,2833,2834],{},"hidden action",[1853,2836,2837],{},"safety effort, self-preference",[1853,2839,2840],{},"prevention and claims behaviour",[1835,2842,2843,2846,2849],{},[1853,2844,2845],{},"strategic interaction",[1853,2847,2848],{},"pricing, ranking, entry, partnerships",[1853,2850,2851],{},"selection, pricing, withdrawal",[1835,2853,2854,2857,2860],{},[1853,2855,2856],{},"external effect",[1853,2858,2859],{},"privacy, misinformation, energy, innovation",[1853,2861,2862],{},"disaster spillover and public backstop",[1835,2864,2865,2868,2871],{},[1853,2866,2867],{},"design tension",[1853,2869,2870],{},"integration versus foreclosure",[1853,2872,2873],{},"risk signals versus affordability",[1798,2875,2876,2877,2881],{},"The common lesson is to model ",[2878,2879,2880],"strong",{},"who adapts to the rule",". A policy that holds behaviour fixed is often an accounting exercise, not an equilibrium analysis.",[1793,2883,2885],{"id":2884},"_6-evidence-to-claim-map","6. Evidence-to-claim map",[1829,2887,2888,2901],{},[1832,2889,2890],{},[1835,2891,2892,2895,2898],{},[1838,2893,2894],{},"Claim",[1838,2896,2897],{},"Useful source",[1838,2899,2900],{},"Boundary",[1848,2902,2903,2920,2935,2950,2965,2980,2995,3010,3025],{},[1835,2904,2905,2908,2917],{},[1853,2906,2907],{},"finite choice data can bound welfare",[1853,2909,2910],{},[2911,2912,2916],"a",{"href":2913,"rel":2914},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3982\u002FTE5845",[2915],"nofollow","Chambers & Echenique, 2025",[1853,2918,2919],{},"revealed relations remain incomplete",[1835,2921,2922,2925,2932],{},[1853,2923,2924],{},"networks propagate distortions",[1853,2926,2927],{},[2911,2928,2931],{"href":2929,"rel":2930},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3982\u002FECTA17513",[2915],"Baqaee & Farhi, 2024",[1853,2933,2934],{},"quantitative effect needs calibrated structure",[1835,2936,2937,2940,2947],{},[1853,2938,2939],{},"wildfire classification changes selection",[1853,2941,2942],{},[2911,2943,2946],{"href":2944,"rel":2945},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3386\u002Fw32625",[2915],"Boomhower et al., 2024, rev. 2025",[1853,2948,2949],{},"one regulated homeowners-insurance market",[1835,2951,2952,2955,2962],{},[1853,2953,2954],{},"pricing software changes competition",[1853,2956,2957],{},[2911,2958,2961],{"href":2959,"rel":2960},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F726906",[2915],"Assad et al., 2024",[1853,2963,2964],{},"German gasoline and inferred adoption",[1835,2966,2967,2970,2977],{},[1853,2968,2969],{},"ML credit changes disparity margins",[1853,2971,2972],{},[2911,2973,2976],{"href":2974,"rel":2975},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fjofi.13090",[2915],"Fuster et al., 2022",[1853,2978,2979],{},"historical US mortgage counterfactual",[1835,2981,2982,2985,2992],{},[1853,2983,2984],{},"ad mechanisms affect outside prices",[1853,2986,2987],{},[2911,2988,2991],{"href":2989,"rel":2990},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Frestud\u002Frdae087",[2915],"Bergemann et al., 2025",[1853,2993,2994],{},"theoretical environment",[1835,2996,2997,3000,3007],{},[1853,2998,2999],{},"nudges shrink at scale",[1853,3001,3002],{},[2911,3003,3006],{"href":3004,"rel":3005},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3982\u002FECTA18709",[2915],"DellaVigna & Linos, 2022",[1853,3008,3009],{},"average across two US nudge units",[1835,3011,3012,3015,3022],{},[1853,3013,3014],{},"applicants neglect correlated admission risk",[1853,3016,3017],{},[2911,3018,3021],{"href":3019,"rel":3020},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1257\u002Fmic.20200407",[2915],"Rees-Jones et al., 2024",[1853,3023,3024],{},"incentivised experiments",[1835,3026,3027,3030,3037],{},[1853,3028,3029],{},"carbon pricing is institutionally widespread",[1853,3031,3032],{},[2911,3033,3036],{"href":3034,"rel":3035},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldbank.org\u002Fen\u002Fpublication\u002Fstate-and-trends-of-carbon-pricing",[2915],"World Bank, 2026",[1853,3038,3039],{},"coverage is not common price\u002Feffectiveness",[1793,3041,3043],{"id":3042},"_7-capstone-design-memo","7. Capstone design memo",[1798,3045,3046],{},"Choose one market—AI services, insurance, school choice, organ exchange, electricity, digital advertising, or another approved setting—and write 1,500 words:",[1943,3048,3049,3052,3055,3058,3061,3064,3067,3070],{},[1812,3050,3051],{},"state the institution and counterfactual;",[1812,3053,3054],{},"map agents, types, actions, information, timing, and constraints;",[1812,3056,3057],{},"solve one benchmark model;",[1812,3059,3060],{},"identify one strategic or informational failure;",[1812,3062,3063],{},"evaluate efficiency and distribution separately;",[1812,3065,3066],{},"use two primary or peer-reviewed sources;",[1812,3068,3069],{},"propose a rule and one implementation safeguard;",[1812,3071,3072],{},"name a measurable result that would trigger revision.",[1829,3074,3075,3088],{},[1832,3076,3077],{},[1835,3078,3079,3082,3085],{},[1838,3080,3081],{},"Criterion",[1838,3083,3084],{"align":2097},"Weight",[1838,3086,3087],{},"Full-credit signal",[1848,3089,3090,3101,3112,3122,3132],{},[1835,3091,3092,3095,3098],{},[1853,3093,3094],{},"primitives and solution",[1853,3096,3097],{"align":2097},"25%",[1853,3099,3100],{},"correct model, feasible equilibrium, verified calculation",[1835,3102,3103,3106,3109],{},[1853,3104,3105],{},"incentive diagnosis",[1853,3107,3108],{"align":2097},"20%",[1853,3110,3111],{},"adaptation and private information are explicit",[1835,3113,3114,3117,3119],{},[1853,3115,3116],{},"welfare and distribution",[1853,3118,3108],{"align":2097},[1853,3120,3121],{},"criterion, incidence, and omitted groups are visible",[1835,3123,3124,3127,3129],{},[1853,3125,3126],{},"evidence",[1853,3128,3108],{"align":2097},[1853,3130,3131],{},"claim matches design and external-validity boundary",[1835,3133,3134,3137,3140],{},[1853,3135,3136],{},"implementation",[1853,3138,3139],{"align":2097},"15%",[1853,3141,3142],{},"rule, audit, appeal, and revision trigger",[1798,3144,3145],{},"Graduate extension: prove an IC, stability, or existence result; compare at least two solution concepts; or estimate\u002Fsimulate one equilibrium response.",[1793,3147,3149],{"id":3148},"final-check","Final check",[1809,3151,3152,3155,3158,3161,3164,3167],{},[1812,3153,3154],{},"What is assumed rather than observed?",[1812,3156,3157],{},"Which equilibrium concept fits the timing and information?",[1812,3159,3160],{},"What behaviour changes when the rule changes?",[1812,3162,3163],{},"Which welfare criterion ranks outcomes?",[1812,3165,3166],{},"Who gains, loses, enters, exits, or becomes unmeasured?",[1812,3168,3169],{},"What evidence could overturn the recommendation?",[1798,3171,3172],{},"If those six answers are visible, the analysis is advanced microeconomics rather than a list of advanced terms.",{"title":10,"searchDepth":3174,"depth":3174,"links":3175},2,[3176,3177,3178,3179,3180,3188,3194,3195,3196,3197],{"id":1795,"depth":3174,"text":1796},{"id":1803,"depth":3174,"text":1804},{"id":1826,"depth":3174,"text":1827},{"id":1933,"depth":3174,"text":1934},{"id":1971,"depth":3174,"text":1972,"children":3181},[3182,3184,3185,3186,3187],{"id":1976,"depth":3183,"text":1977},3,{"id":1983,"depth":3183,"text":1984},{"id":2081,"depth":3183,"text":2082},{"id":2153,"depth":3183,"text":2154},{"id":2330,"depth":3183,"text":2331},{"id":2409,"depth":3174,"text":2410,"children":3189},[3190,3191,3192,3193],{"id":2413,"depth":3183,"text":2414},{"id":2595,"depth":3183,"text":2596},{"id":2700,"depth":3183,"text":2701},{"id":2710,"depth":3183,"text":2711},{"id":2789,"depth":3174,"text":2790},{"id":2884,"depth":3174,"text":2885},{"id":3042,"depth":3174,"text":3043},{"id":3148,"depth":3174,"text":3149},"Two capstone cases integrating optimisation, equilibrium, information, strategy, behaviour, externalities, and institutional design.","md",null,{},true,{"title":793,"description":3198},"zI8WNMHAz1VabTJIUUOn-HK0RCe-2z2SKy2f8mZTqAQ",[3206,3208],{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"description":3207,"children":-1},"Stability, deferred acceptance, school choice, top trading cycles, kidney exchange, strategy-proofness, and practical market design.",{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801,"description":3209,"children":-1},"Overview of plugins and features",1785754733374]