[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3922},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation_docs":3,"learnalog_locale_counterpart__zh_microeconometrics_04-outcomes-choice_19-censoring-selection":1782,"-en-microeconometrics-04-outcomes-choice-19-censoring-selection":1783,"-en-microeconometrics-04-outcomes-choice-19-censoring-selection-surround":3917},[4,1038],{"title":5,"path":6,"stem":7,"children":8},"En","\u002Fen","en",[9,12,58,250,406,477,534,715,798,824,943],{"title":10,"path":6,"stem":11},"","en\u002Findex",{"title":13,"path":14,"stem":15,"children":16},"Research Skills and Academic Writing","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002Findex",[17,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54],{"title":13,"path":14,"stem":15},{"title":19,"path":20,"stem":21},"1. Research Questions, Scope, and Feasibility","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F01-research-questions-and-planning","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F01-research-questions-and-planning",{"title":23,"path":24,"stem":25},"2. Search, Evaluate, and Read Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F02-reading-and-literature-matrix",{"title":27,"path":28,"stem":29},"3. From Sources to Synthesis and Argument","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F03-arguments-outlines-and-paragraphs",{"title":31,"path":32,"stem":33},"4. Literature Review and a Defensible Gap","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":35,"path":36,"stem":37},"5. Research Design, Evidence, and Core Sections","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F05-core-sections-and-evidence",{"title":39,"path":40,"stem":41},"6. Citation, Paraphrasing, Integrity, and AI","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F06-citation-paraphrasing-and-integrity",{"title":43,"path":44,"stem":45},"7. Revision, Review, and Submission","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F07-revision-style-and-submission",{"title":47,"path":48,"stem":49},"8. Research Workbook","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":51,"path":52,"stem":53},"9. Research Workflow and Tools","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F09-tools-for-academic-writing-and-literature-management",{"title":55,"path":56,"stem":57},"10. Worked Project — From Question to Defensible Conclusion","\u002Fen\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain","en\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-worked-example-from-block-structure-to-question-chain",{"title":59,"path":60,"stem":61,"children":62,"page":249},"Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting","en\u002Faccounting",[63,69,87,93,193],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66,"children":67},"Accounting — From Evidence to Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index","en\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index",[68],{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66},{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72,"children":73},"Accounting Appendix","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[74,75,79,83],{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72},{"title":76,"path":77,"stem":78},"Worked Examples and Error Diagnosis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls",{"title":80,"path":81,"stem":82},"Accounting Glossary","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary",{"title":84,"path":85,"stem":86},"Reading and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F27-reading-map",{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90,"children":91},"Northstar Record-to-Decision Capstone","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[92],{"title":88,"path":89,"stem":90},{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96,"children":97},"Financial Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002Findex",[98,99,117,131,165,179],{"title":94,"path":95,"stem":96},{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102,"children":103},"1. Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002Findex",[104,105,109,113],{"title":100,"path":101,"stem":102},{"title":106,"path":107,"stem":108},"Objectives and Qualitative Characteristics","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics",{"title":110,"path":111,"stem":112},"Equation and Elements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements",{"title":114,"path":115,"stem":116},"Accrual Basis, Estimates and Periods","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles",{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120,"children":121},"2. Recording Transactions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002Findex",[122,123,127],{"title":118,"path":119,"stem":120},{"title":124,"path":125,"stem":126},"Double-Entry and Debit\u002FCredit","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr",{"title":128,"path":129,"stem":130},"Accounting Cycle","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle",{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134,"children":135},"3. Measurement and Adjustments","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002Findex",[136,137,141,145,149,153,157,161],{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134},{"title":138,"path":139,"stem":140},"Revenue Recognition","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition",{"title":142,"path":143,"stem":144},"Inventory","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory",{"title":146,"path":147,"stem":148},"Receivables and Expected Credit Losses","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables",{"title":150,"path":151,"stem":152},"Property, Plant and Equipment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe",{"title":154,"path":155,"stem":156},"Intangible Assets","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles",{"title":158,"path":159,"stem":160},"Leases","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases",{"title":162,"path":163,"stem":164},"Current and Deferred Income Tax","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax",{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168,"children":169},"4. Reporting and Cash","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002Findex",[170,171,175],{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168},{"title":172,"path":173,"stem":174},"Linked Financial Statements","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements",{"title":176,"path":177,"stem":178},"Cash, Reconciliation and Internal Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control",{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182,"children":183},"5. Analysis and Comparison","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002Findex",[184,185,189],{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182},{"title":186,"path":187,"stem":188},"Ratio Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis",{"title":190,"path":191,"stem":192},"IFRS versus US GAAP","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap","en\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap",{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196,"children":197},"Management Accounting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002Findex",[198,199,217,235],{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196},{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"children":203},"1. Cost Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002Findex",[204,205,209,213],{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202},{"title":206,"path":207,"stem":208},"Cost Concepts and Behaviour","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts",{"title":210,"path":211,"stem":212},"Costing Systems","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems",{"title":214,"path":215,"stem":216},"Variable and Absorption Costing","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption",{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220,"children":221},"2. Planning and Control","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002Findex",[222,223,227,231],{"title":218,"path":219,"stem":220},{"title":224,"path":225,"stem":226},"Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis",{"title":228,"path":229,"stem":230},"Budgeting and Variance Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances",{"title":232,"path":233,"stem":234},"Performance Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement",{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238,"children":239},"3. Decisions and Investment","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002Findex",[240,241,245],{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238},{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244},"Short-Term Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions",{"title":246,"path":247,"stem":248},"Capital Budgeting","\u002Fen\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting","en\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting",false,{"title":251,"path":252,"stem":253,"children":254,"page":249},"Business Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics",[255,261,279,305,335,365,383,400],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258,"children":259},"Business Analytics — From Data to Defensible Action","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-index",[260],{"title":256,"path":257,"stem":258},{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264,"children":265},"0. Decision and Data Foundations","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[266,267,271,275],{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264},{"title":268,"path":269,"stem":270},"Decision Framing","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F01-decision-framing",{"title":272,"path":273,"stem":274},"Data Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F02-data-contracts",{"title":276,"path":277,"stem":278},"Reproducible Analytics Workflow","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F00-intro\u002F03-reproducible-workflow",{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282,"children":283},"1. Descriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002Findex",[284,285,289,293,297,301],{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282},{"title":286,"path":287,"stem":288},"Distributions and Exploratory Data Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F04-distributions-eda",{"title":290,"path":291,"stem":292},"KPIs and Denominators","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F05-kpis-denominators",{"title":294,"path":295,"stem":296},"Segments, Cohorts and Funnels","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F06-segmentation-cohorts-funnels",{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300},"Visual Evidence and Data Stories","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F07-visualisation-story",{"title":302,"path":303,"stem":304},"Experiments and Causal Boundaries","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F01-descriptive\u002F08-experiments-causal-boundary",{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308,"children":309},"2. Predictive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002Findex",[310,311,315,319,323,327,331],{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308},{"title":312,"path":313,"stem":314},"Validation, Baselines and Leakage","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F09-validation-leakage",{"title":316,"path":317,"stem":318},"Regression and Forecasting","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F10-regression-forecasting",{"title":320,"path":321,"stem":322},"Classification and Calibration","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F11-classification-calibration",{"title":324,"path":325,"stem":326},"Trees and Ensembles","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F12-trees-ensembles",{"title":328,"path":329,"stem":330},"Decision Metrics and Thresholds","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F13-decision-metrics-thresholds",{"title":332,"path":333,"stem":334},"Explainability, Monitoring and Drift","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F02-predictive\u002F14-explainability-drift",{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338,"children":339},"3. Prescriptive Analytics","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002Findex",[340,341,345,349,353,357,361],{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338},{"title":342,"path":343,"stem":344},"Decision-Making under Uncertainty","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F15-decision-uncertainty",{"title":346,"path":347,"stem":348},"Linear Optimisation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F16-linear-optimization",{"title":350,"path":351,"stem":352},"Inventory and Allocation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F17-inventory-allocation",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356},"Queueing and Simulation","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F18-queueing-simulation",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360},"Pricing and Revenue Management","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F19-pricing-experimentation",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364},"Causal Targeting and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F03-prescriptive\u002F20-causal-targeting",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368,"children":369},"4. Deployment and Governance","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002Findex",[370,371,375,379],{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368},{"title":372,"path":373,"stem":374},"Data Products and Monitoring","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F21-data-products-monitoring",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Governance, Fairness and Privacy","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F22-governance-fairness-privacy",{"title":380,"path":381,"stem":382},"Adoption and Business Value","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002F04-deployment\u002F23-adoption-value",{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386,"children":387},"Appendix and Revision Tools","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[388,389,393,397],{"title":384,"path":385,"stem":386},{"title":390,"path":391,"stem":392},"Formula and Decision Map","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F24-formula-map",{"title":394,"path":395,"stem":396},"Worked Examples and Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F25-worked-examples-pitfalls",{"title":84,"path":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fappendix\u002F26-reading-map",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403,"children":404},"Capstone — The Evening Delivery Promise","\u002Fen\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fbusiness-analytics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[405],{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409,"children":410,"page":249},"Financial Economic Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series",[411,417,423,429,435,441,447,453,459,465,471],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414,"children":415},"Financial and Economic Time Series — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[416],{"title":412,"path":413,"stem":414},{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420,"children":421},"Three Versions of Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F01-bridge\u002Findex",[422],{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426,"children":427},"Data, Clocks, and Transformations","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F02-data-transformations\u002Findex",[428],{"title":424,"path":425,"stem":426},{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432,"children":433},"Predictive Regressions and Persistent Predictors","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F03-predictive-regressions\u002Findex",[434],{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438,"children":439},"Volatility, Tails, and Financial Risk","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F04-volatility-risk\u002Findex",[440],{"title":436,"path":437,"stem":438},{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444,"children":445},"Unit Roots, Cointegration, and Error Correction","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F05-unit-roots-cointegration\u002Findex",[446],{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450,"children":451},"VAR, Structural Identification, and Local Projections","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F06-var-identification\u002Findex",[452],{"title":448,"path":449,"stem":450},{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456,"children":457},"State Space, Mixed Frequency, and Nowcasting","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F07-state-space-nowcasting\u002Findex",[458],{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462,"children":463},"Forecast Evaluation for Decisions","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F08-forecast-evaluation\u002Findex",[464],{"title":460,"path":461,"stem":462},{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468,"children":469},"Integrated R Laboratory","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F09-r-laboratory\u002Findex",[470],{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468},{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474,"children":475},"Capstones, Data, and Reading Ladder","\u002Fen\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings","en\u002Ffinancial-economic-time-series\u002F10-capstone-readings\u002Findex",[476],{"title":472,"path":473,"stem":474},{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480,"children":481,"page":249},"Intro To Economics","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics","en\u002Fintro-to-economics",[482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530],{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Introduction to Economics — Decisions, Markets, and the Macroeconomy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Chapter 1 — Choice, Opportunity Cost, and Trade","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Chapter 2 — Demand, Supply, Equilibrium, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Chapter 3 — Elasticity, Revenue, and Tax Incidence","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Chapter 4 — Firms, Market Power, and Market Failure","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Chapter 5 — GDP, Income, Wealth, and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Chapter 6 — Inflation, Purchasing Power, and Labour Markets","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"Chapter 7 — Productivity, Technology, and Economic Growth","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"Chapter 8 — Money, Credit, and Banking","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Chapter 9 — Business Cycles, AD–AS, and Monetary Policy","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Chapter 10 — Fiscal Policy, Distribution, and Public Debt","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},"Chapter 11 — Trade, Capital Flows, and Exchange Rates","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates",{"title":531,"path":532,"stem":533},"Chapter 12 — Integrated Economic Analysis Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies","en\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies",{"title":535,"path":536,"stem":537,"children":538,"page":249},"Microeconometrics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics",[539,557,563,581,603,629,651,673,691,709],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542,"children":543},"0. Causal Questions and Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002Findex",[544,545,549,553],{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542},{"title":546,"path":547,"stem":548},"Causal Questions and Estimands","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F01-causal-question-estimands",{"title":550,"path":551,"stem":552},"Potential Outcomes and Experiments","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F02-potential-outcomes-experiments",{"title":554,"path":555,"stem":556},"Causal Diagrams and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-foundations\u002F03-dags-controls",{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560,"children":561},"Microeconometrics — Designing Credible Counterfactuals","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F00-index",[562],{"title":558,"path":559,"stem":560},{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566,"children":567},"1. Regression and Inference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002Findex",[568,569,573,577],{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566},{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"OLS as a Projection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F04-ols-projection",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"FWL, Selection and Controls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F05-fwl-selection-controls",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Inference and Clustering","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-regression\u002F06-inference-clustering",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584,"children":585},"2. Instruments and Panel Data","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002Findex",[586,587,591,595,599],{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},{"title":588,"path":589,"stem":590},"Instrumental Variables","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F07-iv-identification",{"title":592,"path":593,"stem":594},"Weak Instruments and LATE","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F08-weak-iv-late",{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598},"Panel Fixed Effects","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F09-panel-fixed-effects",{"title":600,"path":601,"stem":602},"Dynamic Panels and Limits","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-iv-panel\u002F10-dynamic-panel",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"children":607},"3. Policy Evaluation Designs","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002Findex",[608,609,613,617,621,625],{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606},{"title":610,"path":611,"stem":612},"Difference-in-Differences","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F11-did-core",{"title":614,"path":615,"stem":616},"Staggered DID and Event Studies","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F12-staggered-event-studies",{"title":618,"path":619,"stem":620},"Regression Discontinuity","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F13-rdd",{"title":622,"path":623,"stem":624},"Matching, Weighting and Overlap","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F14-matching-weighting",{"title":626,"path":627,"stem":628},"Synthetic Control","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-policy-designs\u002F15-synthetic-control",{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632,"children":633},"Module 4 — Choice and Limited Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002Findex",[634,635,639,643,647],{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632},{"title":636,"path":637,"stem":638},"Binary Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F16-binary-choice",{"title":640,"path":641,"stem":642},"Multinomial and Ordered Choice","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F17-multinomial-choice",{"title":644,"path":645,"stem":646},"Count Outcomes","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F18-count-outcomes",{"title":648,"path":649,"stem":650},"Censoring, Truncation and Selection","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection",{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655},"Module 5 — Modern Causal Analysis","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002Findex",[656,657,661,665,669],{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654},{"title":658,"path":659,"stem":660},"Double Machine Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F20-dml",{"title":662,"path":663,"stem":664},"Heterogeneity and Policy Learning","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F21-heterogeneity-policy",{"title":666,"path":667,"stem":668},"Sensitivity and Partial Identification","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F22-sensitivity-partial-id",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672},"External Validity and Transport","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F23-external-validity",{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676,"children":677},"Module 6 — From Data to Auditable Evidence","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002Findex",[678,679,683,687],{"title":674,"path":675,"stem":676},{"title":680,"path":681,"stem":682},"Data Provenance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F24-data-provenance",{"title":684,"path":685,"stem":686},"Reproducibility and Reporting","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F25-reproducibility-reporting",{"title":688,"path":689,"stem":690},"Paper and Evidence Audit","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-workflow\u002F26-paper-audit",{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694,"children":695},"Appendix — Revision and Evidence Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[696,697,701,705],{"title":692,"path":693,"stem":694},{"title":698,"path":699,"stem":700},"Formula and Design Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F27-formula-design-map",{"title":702,"path":703,"stem":704},"Ten Worked Microeconometric Pitfalls","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F28-worked-pitfalls",{"title":706,"path":707,"stem":708},"Reading and Software Map","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fappendix\u002F29-reading-software-map",{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712,"children":713},"Capstone — Should Northbridge Expand Pathways?","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone","en\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Fcapstone\u002Findex",[714],{"title":710,"path":711,"stem":712},{"title":716,"path":717,"stem":718,"children":719,"page":249},"Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics",[720,726,732,738,744,750,756,762,768,774,780,786,792],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723,"children":724},"Advanced Microeconomics — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[725],{"title":721,"path":722,"stem":723},{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729,"children":730},"Module 1 — Choice, Duality, and Revealed Preference","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations\u002Findex",[731],{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735,"children":736},"Module 2 — Comparative Statics and Welfare Measurement","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics\u002Findex",[737],{"title":733,"path":734,"stem":735},{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741,"children":742},"Module 3 — Choice under Risk and Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty\u002Findex",[743],{"title":739,"path":740,"stem":741},{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747,"children":748},"Module 4 — General Equilibrium and Welfare","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium\u002Findex",[749],{"title":745,"path":746,"stem":747},{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753,"children":754},"Module 5 — Static, Dynamic, and Repeated Games","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory\u002Findex",[755],{"title":751,"path":752,"stem":753},{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759,"children":760},"Module 6 — Oligopoly, Entry, and Algorithmic Pricing","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly\u002Findex",[761],{"title":757,"path":758,"stem":759},{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765,"children":766},"Module 7 — Information Economics and Contracts","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics\u002Findex",[767],{"title":763,"path":764,"stem":765},{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771,"children":772},"Module 8 — Mechanism Design and Auctions","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design\u002Findex",[773],{"title":769,"path":770,"stem":771},{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777,"children":778},"Module 9 — Behavioural and Experimental Microeconomics","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics\u002Findex",[779],{"title":775,"path":776,"stem":777},{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783,"children":784},"Module 10 — Externalities, Public Goods, and Collective Action","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods\u002Findex",[785],{"title":781,"path":782,"stem":783},{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789,"children":790},"Module 11 — Matching and Market Design","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design\u002Findex",[791],{"title":787,"path":788,"stem":789},{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796},"Module 12 — Integrated Microeconomic Design Studio","\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review","en\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex",[797],{"title":793,"path":794,"stem":795},{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801,"children":802},"Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground","en\u002Fplayground\u002Findex",[803,804,808,812,816,820],{"title":799,"path":800,"stem":801},{"title":805,"path":806,"stem":807},"Typst Plugin Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex","en\u002Fplayground\u002F01-typstex",{"title":809,"path":810,"stem":811},"Citation Plugin Test","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation","en\u002Fplayground\u002F02-citation",{"title":813,"path":814,"stem":815},"Pyodide Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide","en\u002Fplayground\u002F03-pyodide",{"title":817,"path":818,"stem":819},"WebR Playground","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr","en\u002Fplayground\u002F04-webr",{"title":821,"path":822,"stem":823},"Chart.js Visualizations","\u002Fen\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs","en\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs",{"title":825,"path":826,"stem":827,"children":828,"page":249},"Statistics For Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance",[829,835,857,883,905,927,937],{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832,"children":833},"Statistics for General Insurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F01-intro","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F01-intro\u002Findex",[834],{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832},{"title":836,"path":837,"stem":838,"children":839},"Claims Development and Reserving","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002Findex",[840,841,845,849,853],{"title":836,"path":837,"stem":838},{"title":842,"path":843,"stem":844},"Basic Chain Ladder","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F01-basic-chain","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F01-basic-chain",{"title":846,"path":847,"stem":848},"Frequency–Severity Reserving","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F02-average-per-claim","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F02-average-per-claim",{"title":850,"path":851,"stem":852},"Bornhuetter–Ferguson Method","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F03-b-f-method","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F03-b-f-method",{"title":854,"path":855,"stem":856},"Uncertainty and Diagnostics","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F04-uncertainty-diagnostics","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F02-chain-ladder\u002F04-uncertainty-diagnostics",{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860,"children":861},"Frequency and Severity Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002Findex",[862,863,867,871,875,879],{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860},{"title":864,"path":865,"stem":866},"Core Severity Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F01-loss-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F01-loss-dist",{"title":868,"path":869,"stem":870},"Tail Models and Extreme Values","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F02-more-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F02-more-dist",{"title":872,"path":873,"stem":874},"Claim Count Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F03-case-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F03-case-dist",{"title":876,"path":877,"stem":878},"Fitting and Validating Loss Models","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F04-fit-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F04-fit-dist",{"title":880,"path":881,"stem":882},"Mixtures and Heterogeneity","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F05-mix-dist","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F03-common-dist\u002F05-mix-dist",{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886,"children":887},"Reinsurance as a Loss Transformation","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002Findex",[888,889,893,897,901],{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886},{"title":890,"path":891,"stem":892},"Proportional Reinsurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F01-proportional","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F01-proportional",{"title":894,"path":895,"stem":896},"Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F02-excess","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F02-excess",{"title":898,"path":899,"stem":900},"Inflation and Layer Erosion","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F03-inflation","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F03-inflation",{"title":902,"path":903,"stem":904},"Reinsurance Decision Lab","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F04-examples","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F04-reinsurance\u002F04-examples",{"title":906,"path":907,"stem":908,"children":909},"Aggregate Risk and Capital","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002Findex",[910,911,915,919,923],{"title":906,"path":907,"stem":908},{"title":912,"path":913,"stem":914},"Collective Risk Model","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F01-collective","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F01-collective",{"title":916,"path":917,"stem":918},"Individual Risk Model","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F02-individual","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F02-individual",{"title":920,"path":921,"stem":922},"Aggregate Risk Computation Lab","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F03-examples","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F03-examples",{"title":924,"path":925,"stem":926},"Tail Risk, Dependence, and Capital","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F04-tail-capital","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F05-risk-theory\u002F04-tail-capital",{"title":928,"path":929,"stem":930,"children":931},"Surplus and Ruin Theory","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory\u002Findex",[932,933],{"title":928,"path":929,"stem":930},{"title":934,"path":935,"stem":936},"Finite-Time Ruin Simulation","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory\u002F01-finite-time-simulation","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F06-ruin-theory\u002F01-finite-time-simulation",{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940,"children":941},"Portfolio Risk Capstone","\u002Fen\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F07-capstone","en\u002Fstatistics-for-insurance\u002F07-capstone\u002Findex",[942],{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940},{"title":944,"path":945,"stem":946,"children":947,"page":249},"Time Series","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series","en\u002Ftime-series",[948,958,964,970,976,982,988,994,1016],{"title":949,"path":950,"stem":951,"children":952},"Classical Time Series — Course Guide","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[953,954],{"title":949,"path":950,"stem":951},{"title":955,"path":956,"stem":957},"Preparation — Stationarity in 30 Minutes","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro\u002F01-stationary","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F00-intro\u002F01-stationary",{"title":959,"path":960,"stem":961,"children":962},"Module 1 — Processes, Dependence, and Stationarity","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F01-stochastic-process","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F01-stochastic-process\u002Findex",[963],{"title":959,"path":960,"stem":961},{"title":965,"path":966,"stem":967,"children":968},"Module 2 — ARMA, ARIMA, and Model Identification","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F02-arma","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F02-arma\u002Findex",[969],{"title":965,"path":966,"stem":967},{"title":971,"path":972,"stem":973,"children":974},"Module 3 — Linear Prediction and State-Space Recursions","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F03-prediction","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F03-prediction\u002Findex",[975],{"title":971,"path":972,"stem":973},{"title":977,"path":978,"stem":979,"children":980},"Module 4 — Estimation, Likelihood, and Inference","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F04-estimation","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F04-estimation\u002Findex",[981],{"title":977,"path":978,"stem":979},{"title":983,"path":984,"stem":985,"children":986},"Module 5 — Systems, Seasonality, and Cointegration","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F05-multi-ar","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F05-multi-ar\u002Findex",[987],{"title":983,"path":984,"stem":985},{"title":989,"path":990,"stem":991,"children":992},"Module 6 — Spectral Analysis, Cycles, and Filters","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F06-spectral-analysis","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F06-spectral-analysis\u002Findex",[993],{"title":989,"path":990,"stem":991},{"title":995,"path":996,"stem":997,"children":998},"R Matrix Laboratory","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002Findex",[999,1000,1004,1008,1012],{"title":995,"path":996,"stem":997},{"title":1001,"path":1002,"stem":1003},"R Matrix Lab 1 — Covariance Geometry","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F01-covariance-matrices","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F01-covariance-matrices",{"title":1005,"path":1006,"stem":1007},"R Matrix Lab 2 — AR Recursions and Yule–Walker Equations","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F02-ar-recursions","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F02-ar-recursions",{"title":1009,"path":1010,"stem":1011},"R Matrix Lab 3 — Prediction and Gaussian Likelihood","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F03-prediction-likelihood","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F03-prediction-likelihood",{"title":1013,"path":1014,"stem":1015},"R Matrix Lab 4 — State Space and Kalman Filtering","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F04-state-space","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F07-r-implementation\u002F04-state-space",{"title":1017,"path":1018,"stem":1019,"children":1020},"Optional Python Appendix — Empirical Forecasting","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002Findex",[1021,1022,1026,1030,1034],{"title":1017,"path":1018,"stem":1019},{"title":1023,"path":1024,"stem":1025},"Optional Python Lab 1 — Explore Before Modeling","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F01-exploration","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F01-exploration",{"title":1027,"path":1028,"stem":1029},"Optional Python Lab 2 — Diagnose Stationarity","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F02-stationarity","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F02-stationarity",{"title":1031,"path":1032,"stem":1033},"Optional Python Lab 3 — Fit and Audit ARMA Errors","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F03-arma-fitting","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F03-arma-fitting",{"title":1035,"path":1036,"stem":1037},"Optional Python Lab 4 — Forecast, Backtest, and Monitor","\u002Fen\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F04-forecasting","en\u002Ftime-series\u002F08-python-implementation\u002F04-forecasting",{"title":1039,"path":1040,"stem":1041,"children":1042},"Zh","\u002Fzh","zh",[1043,1045,1063,1247,1323,1365,1421,1467,1543,1625,1633,1731],{"title":10,"path":1040,"stem":1044},"zh\u002Findex",{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048,"children":1049},"学术写作与文献综述","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002Findex",[1050,1051,1055,1059],{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048},{"title":1052,"path":1053,"stem":1054},"4. 文献综述的构建与写作","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F04-writing-the-literature-review",{"title":1056,"path":1057,"stem":1058},"8. 文献综述清单与模板","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F08-literature-review-checklist-and-template",{"title":1060,"path":1061,"stem":1062},"10. 从分块结构到问题链：文献综述示例","\u002Fzh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-从分块结构到问题链-文献综述示例","zh\u002Facademic-writing\u002F10-从分块结构到问题链-文献综述示例",{"title":59,"path":1064,"stem":1065,"children":1066,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting","zh\u002Faccounting",[1067,1073,1087,1191],{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070,"children":1071},"会计学学习路线图","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index","zh\u002Faccounting\u002F00-index",[1072],{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070},{"title":1074,"path":1075,"stem":1076,"children":1077},"附录","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002Findex",[1078,1079,1083],{"title":1074,"path":1075,"stem":1076},{"title":1080,"path":1081,"stem":1082},"综合示例与常见陷阱","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F24-examples-pitfalls",{"title":1084,"path":1085,"stem":1086},"会计术语速查表","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fappendix\u002F26-glossary",{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090,"children":1091},"金融会计","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002Findex",[1092,1093,1111,1125,1159,1173],{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090},{"title":1094,"path":1095,"stem":1096,"children":1097},"1. 基础","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002Findex",[1098,1099,1103,1107],{"title":1094,"path":1095,"stem":1096},{"title":1100,"path":1101,"stem":1102},"会计信息目标与质量特征","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F01-objectives-qualitative-characteristics",{"title":1104,"path":1105,"stem":1106},"会计等式与要素","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F02-equation-elements",{"title":1108,"path":1109,"stem":1110},"记账基础与原则","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F01-foundations\u002F03-accounting-bases-principles",{"title":1112,"path":1113,"stem":1114,"children":1115},"2. 交易记录","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002Findex",[1116,1117,1121],{"title":1112,"path":1113,"stem":1114},{"title":1118,"path":1119,"stem":1120},"复式记账与借贷规则","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F04-double-entry-dr-cr",{"title":1122,"path":1123,"stem":1124},"会计循环","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F02-recording-transactions\u002F05-accounting-cycle",{"title":1126,"path":1127,"stem":1128,"children":1129},"3. 计量与调整","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002Findex",[1130,1131,1135,1139,1143,1147,1151,1155],{"title":1126,"path":1127,"stem":1128},{"title":1132,"path":1133,"stem":1134},"收入确认","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F07-revenue-recognition",{"title":1136,"path":1137,"stem":1138},"存货","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F08-inventory",{"title":1140,"path":1141,"stem":1142},"应收账款","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F09-receivables",{"title":1144,"path":1145,"stem":1146},"固定资产","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F10-ppe",{"title":1148,"path":1149,"stem":1150},"无形资产","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F11-intangibles",{"title":1152,"path":1153,"stem":1154},"租赁","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F12-leases",{"title":1156,"path":1157,"stem":1158},"所得税","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F03-measurement-adjustments\u002F13-income-tax",{"title":1160,"path":1161,"stem":1162,"children":1163},"4. 报表与现金","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002Findex",[1164,1165,1169],{"title":1160,"path":1161,"stem":1162},{"title":1166,"path":1167,"stem":1168},"财务报表","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F06-financial-statements",{"title":1170,"path":1171,"stem":1172},"现金控制","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F04-reporting-cash\u002F14-cash-control",{"title":1174,"path":1175,"stem":1176,"children":1177},"5. 分析与比较","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002Findex",[1178,1179,1183,1187],{"title":1174,"path":1175,"stem":1176},{"title":1180,"path":1181,"stem":1182},"财务比率分析","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F15-ratio-analysis",{"title":1184,"path":1185,"stem":1186},"IFRS 与 US GAAP 对比","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F25-ifrs-gaap",{"title":1188,"path":1189,"stem":1190},"2026 准则更新与报告案例","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F27-current-standards-2026","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Ffinancial-accounting\u002F05-analysis-comparison\u002F27-current-standards-2026",{"title":1192,"path":1193,"stem":1194,"children":1195},"管理会计","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002Findex",[1196,1197,1215,1233],{"title":1192,"path":1193,"stem":1194},{"title":1198,"path":1199,"stem":1200,"children":1201},"1. 成本基础","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002Findex",[1202,1203,1207,1211],{"title":1198,"path":1199,"stem":1200},{"title":1204,"path":1205,"stem":1206},"成本概念","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F16-cost-concepts",{"title":1208,"path":1209,"stem":1210},"成本核算系统","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F17-costing-systems",{"title":1212,"path":1213,"stem":1214},"变动成本法 vs. 吸收成本法","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F01-cost-foundations\u002F19-variable-vs-absorption",{"title":1216,"path":1217,"stem":1218,"children":1219},"2. 计划与控制","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002Findex",[1220,1221,1225,1229],{"title":1216,"path":1217,"stem":1218},{"title":1222,"path":1223,"stem":1224},"本量利分析","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F18-cvp-analysis",{"title":1226,"path":1227,"stem":1228},"预算与差异分析","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F20-budgeting-variances",{"title":1230,"path":1231,"stem":1232},"绩效评价","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F02-planning-control\u002F21-performance-measurement",{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236,"children":1237},"3. 决策与投资","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002Findex",[1238,1239,1243],{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236},{"title":1240,"path":1241,"stem":1242},"短期决策","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F22-short-term-decisions",{"title":1244,"path":1245,"stem":1246},"资本预算","\u002Fzh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting","zh\u002Faccounting\u002Fmanagement-accounting\u002F03-decisions-investment\u002F23-capital-budgeting",{"title":1248,"path":1249,"stem":1250,"children":1251},"资产定价理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002Findex",[1252,1253,1259,1265,1271,1277,1283,1289,1295,1301,1307,1313,1319],{"title":1248,"path":1249,"stem":1250},{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256,"children":1257},"第一章：引言与基础","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F01-intro","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F01-intro\u002Findex",[1258],{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},{"title":1260,"path":1261,"stem":1262,"children":1263},"第二章：效用理论与风险偏好","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F02-utility","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F02-utility\u002Findex",[1264],{"title":1260,"path":1261,"stem":1262},{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268,"children":1269},"第三章：均值-方差分析","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F03-mean-variance","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F03-mean-variance\u002Findex",[1270],{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},{"title":1272,"path":1273,"stem":1274,"children":1275},"第四章：资本资产定价模型(CAPM)","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F04-capm","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F04-capm\u002Findex",[1276],{"title":1272,"path":1273,"stem":1274},{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280,"children":1281},"第五章：因子模型","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F05-factor-models","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F05-factor-models\u002Findex",[1282],{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},{"title":1284,"path":1285,"stem":1286,"children":1287},"第六章：跨期资产定价","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F06-intertemporal","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F06-intertemporal\u002Findex",[1288],{"title":1284,"path":1285,"stem":1286},{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293},"第七章：期权定价理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F07-options","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F07-options\u002Findex",[1294],{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292},{"title":1296,"path":1297,"stem":1298,"children":1299},"第八章：固定收益证券","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F08-fixed-income","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F08-fixed-income\u002Findex",[1300],{"title":1296,"path":1297,"stem":1298},{"title":1302,"path":1303,"stem":1304,"children":1305},"第九章：市场有效性与异象","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F09-efficiency","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F09-efficiency\u002Findex",[1306],{"title":1302,"path":1303,"stem":1304},{"title":1308,"path":1309,"stem":1310,"children":1311},"第十章：数值方法与实证应用","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F10-empirical","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F10-empirical\u002Findex",[1312],{"title":1308,"path":1309,"stem":1310},{"title":1314,"path":1315,"stem":1316,"children":1317},"第十一章：资产定价浏览器交互实验","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F11-interactive-labs","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F11-interactive-labs\u002Findex",[1318],{"title":1314,"path":1315,"stem":1316},{"title":1320,"path":1321,"stem":1322},"第十二章：前沿文献与现代资产定价案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fasset-pricing\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":1324,"path":1325,"stem":1326,"children":1327},"计量经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002Findex",[1328,1329,1333,1337,1341,1345,1349,1353,1357,1361],{"title":1324,"path":1325,"stem":1326},{"title":1330,"path":1331,"stem":1332},"第一章：数据、概率与回归对象","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F01-data-and-regression","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F01-data-and-regression",{"title":1334,"path":1335,"stem":1336},"第二章：OLS、矩阵与几何解释","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F02-ols-and-geometry","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F02-ols-and-geometry",{"title":1338,"path":1339,"stem":1340},"第三章：统计推断与稳健标准误","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F03-inference-and-robustness","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F03-inference-and-robustness",{"title":1342,"path":1343,"stem":1344},"第四章：内生性、工具变量与两阶段最小二乘","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F04-endogeneity-and-iv","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F04-endogeneity-and-iv",{"title":1346,"path":1347,"stem":1348},"第五章：面板数据与时间序列","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F05-panel-and-time-series","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F05-panel-and-time-series",{"title":1350,"path":1351,"stem":1352},"第六章：估计方法与因果设计的共同基础","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F06-estimation-and-causal-design","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F06-estimation-and-causal-design",{"title":1354,"path":1355,"stem":1356},"第七章：可重复计量实证项目","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F07-reproducible-project","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F07-reproducible-project",{"title":1358,"path":1359,"stem":1360},"第八章：计量经济学浏览器回归实验","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F08-interactive-regression-labs","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F08-interactive-regression-labs",{"title":1362,"path":1363,"stem":1364},"第九章：前沿文献与现代计量案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Feconometrics\u002F09-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Feconometrics\u002F09-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":478,"path":1366,"stem":1367,"children":1368,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics",[1369,1373,1377,1381,1385,1389,1393,1397,1401,1405,1409,1413,1417],{"title":1370,"path":1371,"stem":1372},"经济学导论 (微观与宏观)","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F00-intro",{"title":1374,"path":1375,"stem":1376},"第1章：经济学基础原理","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F01-foundations",{"title":1378,"path":1379,"stem":1380},"第2章：需求与供给","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F02-demand-and-supply",{"title":1382,"path":1383,"stem":1384},"第3章：弹性","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F03-elasticity",{"title":1386,"path":1387,"stem":1388},"第4章：市场结构","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F04-market-structures",{"title":1390,"path":1391,"stem":1392},"第5章：GDP 与财富","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F05-gdp-and-wealth",{"title":1394,"path":1395,"stem":1396},"第6章：通货膨胀与失业","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F06-inflation-and-unemployment",{"title":1398,"path":1399,"stem":1400},"第7章：经济增长","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F07-economic-growth",{"title":1402,"path":1403,"stem":1404},"第8章：货币与银行","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F08-money-and-banking",{"title":1406,"path":1407,"stem":1408},"第9章：货币政策与 AD-AS 模型","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F09-monetary-policy-and-ad-as",{"title":1410,"path":1411,"stem":1412},"第10章：财政政策","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F10-fiscal-policy",{"title":1414,"path":1415,"stem":1416},"第11章：开放经济与汇率","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F11-open-economy-and-exchange-rates",{"title":1418,"path":1419,"stem":1420},"第12章：综合复习与案例分析","\u002Fzh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies","zh\u002Fintro-to-economics\u002F12-review-and-case-studies",{"title":1422,"path":1423,"stem":1424,"children":1425},"宏观经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002Findex",[1426,1427,1431,1435,1439,1443,1447,1451,1455,1459,1463],{"title":1422,"path":1423,"stem":1424},{"title":1428,"path":1429,"stem":1430},"第一章：国民账户与宏观指标","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F01-national-accounts","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F01-national-accounts",{"title":1432,"path":1433,"stem":1434},"第二章：消费、投资与凯恩斯交叉","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F02-consumption-investment","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F02-consumption-investment",{"title":1436,"path":1437,"stem":1438},"第三章：货币、银行与货币政策","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F03-money-and-monetary-policy","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F03-money-and-monetary-policy",{"title":1440,"path":1441,"stem":1442},"第四章：AD–AS、通货膨胀与失业","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F04-ad-as-inflation-unemployment","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F04-ad-as-inflation-unemployment",{"title":1444,"path":1445,"stem":1446},"第五章：财政政策、债务与稳定化","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F05-fiscal-policy-and-debt","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F05-fiscal-policy-and-debt",{"title":1448,"path":1449,"stem":1450},"第六章：经济增长、生产率与发展","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F06-growth-productivity","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F06-growth-productivity",{"title":1452,"path":1453,"stem":1454},"第七章：开放经济、汇率与国际收支","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F07-open-economy","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F07-open-economy",{"title":1456,"path":1457,"stem":1458},"第八章：宏观研究项目与政策分析","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F08-macro-research-project","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F08-macro-research-project",{"title":1460,"path":1461,"stem":1462},"第九章：宏观经济学浏览器交互实验","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F09-interactive-policy-labs","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F09-interactive-policy-labs",{"title":1464,"path":1465,"stem":1466},"第十章：前沿文献与当代宏观案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F10-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fmacroeconomics\u002F10-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":1468,"path":1469,"stem":1470,"children":1471},"微观计量经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002Findex",[1472,1473,1479,1485,1491,1497,1503,1509,1515,1521,1527,1533,1539],{"title":1468,"path":1469,"stem":1470},{"title":1474,"path":1475,"stem":1476,"children":1477},"第一章：微观计量与因果推断导论","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-intro","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F01-intro\u002Findex",[1478],{"title":1474,"path":1475,"stem":1476},{"title":1480,"path":1481,"stem":1482,"children":1483},"第二章：线性回归与 OLS","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-ols","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F02-ols\u002Findex",[1484],{"title":1480,"path":1481,"stem":1482},{"title":1486,"path":1487,"stem":1488,"children":1489},"第三章：工具变量法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-iv","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F03-iv\u002Findex",[1490],{"title":1486,"path":1487,"stem":1488},{"title":1492,"path":1493,"stem":1494,"children":1495},"第四章：面板数据方法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-panel","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-panel\u002Findex",[1496],{"title":1492,"path":1493,"stem":1494},{"title":1498,"path":1499,"stem":1500,"children":1501},"第五章：双重差分法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-did","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F05-did\u002Findex",[1502],{"title":1498,"path":1499,"stem":1500},{"title":1504,"path":1505,"stem":1506,"children":1507},"第六章：断点回归设计","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-rdd","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F06-rdd\u002Findex",[1508],{"title":1504,"path":1505,"stem":1506},{"title":1510,"path":1511,"stem":1512,"children":1513},"第七章：匹配、倾向得分与加权","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F07-matching","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F07-matching\u002Findex",[1514],{"title":1510,"path":1511,"stem":1512},{"title":1516,"path":1517,"stem":1518,"children":1519},"第八章：离散选择模型","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F08-discrete-choice","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F08-discrete-choice\u002Findex",[1520],{"title":1516,"path":1517,"stem":1518},{"title":1522,"path":1523,"stem":1524,"children":1525},"第九章：计数数据与受限因变量","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F09-count-limited","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F09-count-limited\u002Findex",[1526],{"title":1522,"path":1523,"stem":1524},{"title":1528,"path":1529,"stem":1530,"children":1531},"第十章：合成控制法","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F10-synthetic-control","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F10-synthetic-control\u002Findex",[1532],{"title":1528,"path":1529,"stem":1530},{"title":1534,"path":1535,"stem":1536,"children":1537},"第十一章：机器学习与因果推断","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F11-ml-causal","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F11-ml-causal\u002Findex",[1538],{"title":1534,"path":1535,"stem":1536},{"title":1540,"path":1541,"stem":1542},"第十二章：前沿文献与现代微观案例（2024—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F12-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":716,"path":1544,"stem":1545,"children":1546,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics",[1547,1553,1559,1565,1571,1577,1583,1589,1595,1601,1607,1613,1619],{"title":1548,"path":1549,"stem":1550,"children":1551},"微观经济学 III","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[1552],{"title":1548,"path":1549,"stem":1550},{"title":1554,"path":1555,"stem":1556,"children":1557},"消费者理论与分析基础","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F01-fundations\u002Findex",[1558],{"title":1554,"path":1555,"stem":1556},{"title":1560,"path":1561,"stem":1562,"children":1563},"比较静态分析与福利测度","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F02-comparative-statics\u002Findex",[1564],{"title":1560,"path":1561,"stem":1562},{"title":1566,"path":1567,"stem":1568,"children":1569},"不确定性下的决策","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F03-uncertainty\u002Findex",[1570],{"title":1566,"path":1567,"stem":1568},{"title":1572,"path":1573,"stem":1574,"children":1575},"一般均衡与福利经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F04-general-equilibrium\u002Findex",[1576],{"title":1572,"path":1573,"stem":1574},{"title":1578,"path":1579,"stem":1580,"children":1581},"博弈论：静态与动态博弈","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F05-game-theory\u002Findex",[1582],{"title":1578,"path":1579,"stem":1580},{"title":1584,"path":1585,"stem":1586,"children":1587},"寡头垄断与策略性市场行为","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F06-oligopoly\u002Findex",[1588],{"title":1584,"path":1585,"stem":1586},{"title":1590,"path":1591,"stem":1592,"children":1593},"信息经济学：逆向选择与道德风险","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F07-information-economics\u002Findex",[1594],{"title":1590,"path":1591,"stem":1592},{"title":1596,"path":1597,"stem":1598,"children":1599},"机制设计与拍卖理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F08-mechanism-design\u002Findex",[1600],{"title":1596,"path":1597,"stem":1598},{"title":1602,"path":1603,"stem":1604,"children":1605},"行为与实验微观经济学","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F09-behavioural-economics\u002Findex",[1606],{"title":1602,"path":1603,"stem":1604},{"title":1608,"path":1609,"stem":1610,"children":1611},"外部性、公共物品与机制","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F10-externalities-public-goods\u002Findex",[1612],{"title":1608,"path":1609,"stem":1610},{"title":1614,"path":1615,"stem":1616,"children":1617},"市场设计与匹配理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F11-market-design\u002Findex",[1618],{"title":1614,"path":1615,"stem":1616},{"title":1620,"path":1621,"stem":1622,"children":1623},"第十二章：微观经济学：回顾与前沿应用","\u002Fzh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review","zh\u002Fmicroeconomics\u002F12-review\u002Findex",[1624],{"title":1620,"path":1621,"stem":1622},{"title":799,"path":1626,"stem":1627,"children":1628,"page":249},"\u002Fzh\u002Fplayground","zh\u002Fplayground",[1629],{"title":1630,"path":1631,"stem":1632},"Chart.js 可视化","\u002Fzh\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs","zh\u002Fplayground\u002F05-chartjs",{"title":1634,"path":1635,"stem":1636,"children":1637},"概率论与数理统计","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002Findex",[1638,1639,1645,1680,1727],{"title":1634,"path":1635,"stem":1636},{"title":1640,"path":1641,"stem":1642,"children":1643},"第零章：概率统计的对象与学习方法","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F00-intro","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F00-intro\u002Findex",[1644],{"title":1640,"path":1641,"stem":1642},{"title":1646,"path":1647,"stem":1648,"children":1649,"page":249},"01 Probability","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability",[1650,1656,1662,1668,1674],{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653,"children":1654},"第一章：概率论基础","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F01-prob-theory","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F01-prob-theory\u002Findex",[1655],{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653},{"title":1657,"path":1658,"stem":1659,"children":1660},"第二章：随机变量与分布","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F02-random-variables","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F02-random-variables\u002Findex",[1661],{"title":1657,"path":1658,"stem":1659},{"title":1663,"path":1664,"stem":1665,"children":1666},"第三章：期望、方差与条件矩","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F03-moment","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F03-moment\u002Findex",[1667],{"title":1663,"path":1664,"stem":1665},{"title":1669,"path":1670,"stem":1671,"children":1672},"第四章：常见分布族与建模机制","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F04-families","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F04-families\u002Findex",[1673],{"title":1669,"path":1670,"stem":1671},{"title":1675,"path":1676,"stem":1677,"children":1678},"第五章：收敛与渐近理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F05-asymptotics","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F01-probability\u002F05-asymptotics\u002Findex",[1679],{"title":1675,"path":1676,"stem":1677},{"title":1681,"path":1682,"stem":1683,"children":1684,"page":249},"02 Statistics","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics",[1685,1691,1697,1703,1709,1715,1721],{"title":1686,"path":1687,"stem":1688,"children":1689},"第六章：抽样分布","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F01-sampling","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F01-sampling\u002Findex",[1690],{"title":1686,"path":1687,"stem":1688},{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694,"children":1695},"第七章：区间估计","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F02-interval-estimation","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F02-interval-estimation\u002Findex",[1696],{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694},{"title":1698,"path":1699,"stem":1700,"children":1701},"第八章：点估计理论","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F03-point-estimation","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F03-point-estimation\u002Findex",[1702],{"title":1698,"path":1699,"stem":1700},{"title":1704,"path":1705,"stem":1706,"children":1707},"第九章：点估计方法","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F04-pe-method","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F04-pe-method\u002Findex",[1708],{"title":1704,"path":1705,"stem":1706},{"title":1710,"path":1711,"stem":1712,"children":1713},"第十章：假设检验原理","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F05-hypothesis","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F05-hypothesis\u002Findex",[1714],{"title":1710,"path":1711,"stem":1712},{"title":1716,"path":1717,"stem":1718,"children":1719},"第十一章：常用检验方法与选择","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F06-hypothesis-method","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F06-hypothesis-method\u002Findex",[1720],{"title":1716,"path":1717,"stem":1718},{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724,"children":1725},"第十二章：Bootstrap 与重抽样","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F07-bootstrap","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F02-statistics\u002F07-bootstrap\u002Findex",[1726],{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724},{"title":1728,"path":1729,"stem":1730},"第十三章：前沿文献与现代统计案例（2023—2026）","\u002Fzh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F03-frontier-literature-2026","zh\u002Fprob-and-stats\u002F03-frontier-literature-2026",{"title":1732,"path":1733,"stem":1734,"children":1735,"page":249},"Quant","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant","zh\u002Fquant",[1736,1742,1746,1750,1754,1758,1762,1766,1770,1774,1778],{"title":1737,"path":1738,"stem":1739,"children":1740},"量化投资——从可检验信号到可执行组合","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F00-index","zh\u002Fquant\u002F00-index",[1741],{"title":1737,"path":1738,"stem":1739},{"title":1743,"path":1744,"stem":1745},"数据获取与预处理","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F01-research-data","zh\u002Fquant\u002F01-research-data",{"title":1747,"path":1748,"stem":1749},"因子与交易信号","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F02-factor-and-signals","zh\u002Fquant\u002F02-factor-and-signals",{"title":1751,"path":1752,"stem":1753},"策略建模与回测","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F03-modeling-and-backtest","zh\u002Fquant\u002F03-modeling-and-backtest",{"title":1755,"path":1756,"stem":1757},"组合构建与风险建模（资产定价视角）","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F04-portfolio-and-risk","zh\u002Fquant\u002F04-portfolio-and-risk",{"title":1759,"path":1760,"stem":1761},"执行策略与市场微结构概览","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F05-execution-and-microstructure","zh\u002Fquant\u002F05-execution-and-microstructure",{"title":1763,"path":1764,"stem":1765},"策略上线、监控与迭代","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F06-production-and-monitoring","zh\u002Fquant\u002F06-production-and-monitoring",{"title":1767,"path":1768,"stem":1769},"量化工程与工具链概览","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F07-engineering-stack","zh\u002Fquant\u002F07-engineering-stack",{"title":1771,"path":1772,"stem":1773},"计量方法与实证检验","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F08-econometric-methods","zh\u002Fquant\u002F08-econometric-methods",{"title":1775,"path":1776,"stem":1777},"案例研究：多因子股票 Alpha 策略全流程","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F09-case-study","zh\u002Fquant\u002F09-case-study",{"title":1779,"path":1780,"stem":1781},"量化投资文献与软件图谱","\u002Fzh\u002Fquant\u002F10-reading-software-map","zh\u002Fquant\u002F10-reading-software-map",null,{"id":1784,"title":648,"body":1785,"description":3911,"extension":3912,"features":1782,"hero":1782,"layout":1782,"locale":1782,"meta":3913,"navigation":1782,"path":649,"published":3914,"seo":3915,"stem":650,"__hash__":3916},"docs\u002Fen\u002Fmicroeconometrics\u002F04-outcomes-choice\u002F19-censoring-selection.md",{"type":1786,"value":1787,"toc":3902},"minimark",[1788,1792,1797,1864,1868,1872,1875,2508,2511,2788,2791,2795,2798,2801,3224,3696,3729,3733,3773,3776,3780,3864,3884,3888,3891,3896],[1789,1790,648],"h1",{"id":1791},"censoring-truncation-and-selection",[1793,1794,1796],"h2",{"id":1795},"four-zeros-can-mean-four-different-things","Four zeros can mean four different things",[1798,1799,1800,1816],"table",{},[1801,1802,1803],"thead",{},[1804,1805,1806,1810,1813],"tr",{},[1807,1808,1809],"th",{},"Recorded value",[1807,1811,1812],{},"Data-generating meaning",[1807,1814,1815],{},"Example",[1817,1818,1819,1831,1842,1853],"tbody",{},[1804,1820,1821,1825,1828],{},[1822,1823,1824],"td",{},"true zero",[1822,1826,1827],{},"outcome is genuinely zero",[1822,1829,1830],{},"no paid work during year",[1804,1832,1833,1836,1839],{},[1822,1834,1835],{},"left-censored",[1822,1837,1838],{},"latent value is below a reporting limit",[1822,1840,1841],{},"debt recorded as “£0–£500”",[1804,1843,1844,1847,1850],{},[1822,1845,1846],{},"truncated",[1822,1848,1849],{},"units outside range never enter data",[1822,1851,1852],{},"survey samples only earners above £5,000",[1804,1854,1855,1858,1861],{},[1822,1856,1857],{},"missing by selection",[1822,1859,1860],{},"outcome exists but is unobserved",[1822,1862,1863],{},"earnings absent outside linked records",[1865,1866,1867],"p",{},"Coding each as zero changes the estimand. Begin with the observation process, not the Tobit command.",[1793,1869,1871],{"id":1870},"tobit-is-a-joint-model-not-ols-for-many-zeros","Tobit is a joint model, not “OLS for many zeros”",[1865,1873,1874],{},"The classical model assumes",[1876,1877,1880],"span",{"className":1878},[1879],"katex-display",[1876,1881,1884,2026],{"className":1882},[1883],"katex",[1876,1885,1888],{"className":1886},[1887],"katex-mathml",[1889,1890,1893],"math",{"xmlns":1891,"display":1892},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML","block",[1894,1895,1896,2021],"semantics",{},[1897,1898,1899,1913,1916,1928,1931,1934,1942,1946,1950,1956,1958,1961,1964,1968,1972,1974,1982,1985,1987,1989,1995,1998,2001,2003,2005,2007,2016,2018],"mrow",{},[1900,1901,1902,1906,1909],"msubsup",{},[1903,1904,1905],"mi",{},"Y",[1903,1907,1908],{},"i",[1910,1911,1912],"mo",{},"∗",[1910,1914,1915],{},"=",[1900,1917,1918,1921,1923],{},[1903,1919,1920],{},"X",[1903,1922,1908],{},[1910,1924,1927],{"mathvariant":1925,"lspace":1926,"rspace":1926},"normal","0em","′",[1903,1929,1930],{},"β",[1910,1932,1933],{},"+",[1935,1936,1937,1940],"msub",{},[1903,1938,1939],{},"u",[1903,1941,1908],{},[1910,1943,1945],{"separator":1944},"true",",",[1947,1948],"mspace",{"width":1949},"2em",[1935,1951,1952,1954],{},[1903,1953,1905],{},[1903,1955,1908],{},[1910,1957,1915],{},[1903,1959,1960],{},"max",[1910,1962,1963],{},"⁡",[1910,1965,1967],{"stretchy":1966},"false","(",[1969,1970,1971],"mn",{},"0",[1910,1973,1945],{"separator":1944},[1900,1975,1976,1978,1980],{},[1903,1977,1905],{},[1903,1979,1908],{},[1910,1981,1912],{},[1910,1983,1984],{"stretchy":1966},")",[1910,1986,1945],{"separator":1944},[1947,1988],{"width":1949},[1935,1990,1991,1993],{},[1903,1992,1939],{},[1903,1994,1908],{},[1910,1996,1997],{},"∼",[1903,1999,2000],{},"N",[1910,2002,1967],{"stretchy":1966},[1969,2004,1971],{},[1910,2006,1945],{"separator":1944},[2008,2009,2010,2013],"msup",{},[1903,2011,2012],{},"σ",[1969,2014,2015],{},"2",[1910,2017,1984],{"stretchy":1966},[1903,2019,2020],{"mathvariant":1925},".",[2022,2023,2025],"annotation",{"encoding":2024},"application\u002Fx-tex","Y_i^*=X_i'\\beta+u_i,\\qquad\nY_i=\\max(0,Y_i^*),\\qquad u_i\\sim N(0,\\sigma^2).",[1876,2027,2030,2122,2199,2311,2448],{"className":2028,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],"katex-html",[1876,2031,2034,2039,2111,2115,2119],{"className":2032},[2033],"base",[1876,2035],{"className":2036,"style":2038},[2037],"strut","height:0.9857em;vertical-align:-0.247em;",[1876,2040,2043,2048],{"className":2041},[2042],"mord",[1876,2044,1905],{"className":2045,"style":2047},[2042,2046],"mathnormal","margin-right:0.2222em;",[1876,2049,2052],{"className":2050},[2051],"msupsub",[1876,2053,2057,2102],{"className":2054},[2055,2056],"vlist-t","vlist-t2",[1876,2058,2061,2097],{"className":2059},[2060],"vlist-r",[1876,2062,2066,2084],{"className":2063,"style":2065},[2064],"vlist","height:0.7387em;",[1876,2067,2069,2074],{"style":2068},"top:-2.453em;margin-left:-0.2222em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,2070],{"className":2071,"style":2073},[2072],"pstrut","height:2.7em;",[1876,2075,2081],{"className":2076},[2077,2078,2079,2080],"sizing","reset-size6","size3","mtight",[1876,2082,1908],{"className":2083},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2085,2087,2090],{"style":2086},"top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,2088],{"className":2089,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2091,2093],{"className":2092},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2094,1912],{"className":2095},[2096,2080],"mbin",[1876,2098,2101],{"className":2099},[2100],"vlist-s","​",[1876,2103,2105],{"className":2104},[2060],[1876,2106,2109],{"className":2107,"style":2108},[2064],"height:0.247em;",[1876,2110],{},[1876,2112],{"className":2113,"style":2114},[1947],"margin-right:0.2778em;",[1876,2116,1915],{"className":2117},[2118],"mrel",[1876,2120],{"className":2121,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2123,2125,2129,2186,2190,2193,2196],{"className":2124},[2033],[1876,2126],{"className":2127,"style":2128},[2037],"height:1.0489em;vertical-align:-0.247em;",[1876,2130,2132,2136],{"className":2131},[2042],[1876,2133,1920],{"className":2134,"style":2135},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.0785em;",[1876,2137,2139],{"className":2138},[2051],[1876,2140,2142,2178],{"className":2141},[2055,2056],[1876,2143,2145,2175],{"className":2144},[2060],[1876,2146,2149,2161],{"className":2147,"style":2148},[2064],"height:0.8019em;",[1876,2150,2152,2155],{"style":2151},"top:-2.453em;margin-left:-0.0785em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,2153],{"className":2154,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2156,2158],{"className":2157},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2159,1908],{"className":2160},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2162,2163,2166],{"style":2086},[1876,2164],{"className":2165,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2167,2169],{"className":2168},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2170,2172],{"className":2171},[2042,2080],[1876,2173,1927],{"className":2174},[2042,2080],[1876,2176,2101],{"className":2177},[2100],[1876,2179,2181],{"className":2180},[2060],[1876,2182,2184],{"className":2183,"style":2108},[2064],[1876,2185],{},[1876,2187,1930],{"className":2188,"style":2189},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.0528em;",[1876,2191],{"className":2192,"style":2047},[1947],[1876,2194,1933],{"className":2195},[2096],[1876,2197],{"className":2198,"style":2047},[1947],[1876,2200,2202,2206,2249,2253,2257,2261,2302,2305,2308],{"className":2201},[2033],[1876,2203],{"className":2204,"style":2205},[2037],"height:0.8778em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[1876,2207,2209,2212],{"className":2208},[2042],[1876,2210,1939],{"className":2211},[2042,2046],[1876,2213,2215],{"className":2214},[2051],[1876,2216,2218,2240],{"className":2217},[2055,2056],[1876,2219,2221,2237],{"className":2220},[2060],[1876,2222,2225],{"className":2223,"style":2224},[2064],"height:0.3117em;",[1876,2226,2228,2231],{"style":2227},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,2229],{"className":2230,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2232,2234],{"className":2233},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2235,1908],{"className":2236},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2238,2101],{"className":2239},[2100],[1876,2241,2243],{"className":2242},[2060],[1876,2244,2247],{"className":2245,"style":2246},[2064],"height:0.15em;",[1876,2248],{},[1876,2250,1945],{"className":2251},[2252],"mpunct",[1876,2254],{"className":2255,"style":2256},[1947],"margin-right:2em;",[1876,2258],{"className":2259,"style":2260},[1947],"margin-right:0.1667em;",[1876,2262,2264,2267],{"className":2263},[2042],[1876,2265,1905],{"className":2266,"style":2047},[2042,2046],[1876,2268,2270],{"className":2269},[2051],[1876,2271,2273,2294],{"className":2272},[2055,2056],[1876,2274,2276,2291],{"className":2275},[2060],[1876,2277,2279],{"className":2278,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,2280,2282,2285],{"style":2281},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.2222em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,2283],{"className":2284,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2286,2288],{"className":2287},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2289,1908],{"className":2290},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2292,2101],{"className":2293},[2100],[1876,2295,2297],{"className":2296},[2060],[1876,2298,2300],{"className":2299,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,2301],{},[1876,2303],{"className":2304,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2306,1915],{"className":2307},[2118],[1876,2309],{"className":2310,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2312,2314,2318,2322,2326,2329,2332,2335,2386,2390,2393,2396,2399,2439,2442,2445],{"className":2313},[2033],[1876,2315],{"className":2316,"style":2317},[2037],"height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[1876,2319,1960],{"className":2320},[2321],"mop",[1876,2323,1967],{"className":2324},[2325],"mopen",[1876,2327,1971],{"className":2328},[2042],[1876,2330,1945],{"className":2331},[2252],[1876,2333],{"className":2334,"style":2260},[1947],[1876,2336,2338,2341],{"className":2337},[2042],[1876,2339,1905],{"className":2340,"style":2047},[2042,2046],[1876,2342,2344],{"className":2343},[2051],[1876,2345,2347,2378],{"className":2346},[2055,2056],[1876,2348,2350,2375],{"className":2349},[2060],[1876,2351,2353,2364],{"className":2352,"style":2065},[2064],[1876,2354,2355,2358],{"style":2068},[1876,2356],{"className":2357,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2359,2361],{"className":2360},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2362,1908],{"className":2363},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2365,2366,2369],{"style":2086},[1876,2367],{"className":2368,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2370,2372],{"className":2371},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2373,1912],{"className":2374},[2096,2080],[1876,2376,2101],{"className":2377},[2100],[1876,2379,2381],{"className":2380},[2060],[1876,2382,2384],{"className":2383,"style":2108},[2064],[1876,2385],{},[1876,2387,1984],{"className":2388},[2389],"mclose",[1876,2391,1945],{"className":2392},[2252],[1876,2394],{"className":2395,"style":2256},[1947],[1876,2397],{"className":2398,"style":2260},[1947],[1876,2400,2402,2405],{"className":2401},[2042],[1876,2403,1939],{"className":2404},[2042,2046],[1876,2406,2408],{"className":2407},[2051],[1876,2409,2411,2431],{"className":2410},[2055,2056],[1876,2412,2414,2428],{"className":2413},[2060],[1876,2415,2417],{"className":2416,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,2418,2419,2422],{"style":2227},[1876,2420],{"className":2421,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2423,2425],{"className":2424},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2426,1908],{"className":2427},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2429,2101],{"className":2430},[2100],[1876,2432,2434],{"className":2433},[2060],[1876,2435,2437],{"className":2436,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,2438],{},[1876,2440],{"className":2441,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2443,1997],{"className":2444},[2118],[1876,2446],{"className":2447,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2449,2451,2455,2459,2462,2465,2468,2471,2502,2505],{"className":2450},[2033],[1876,2452],{"className":2453,"style":2454},[2037],"height:1.1141em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[1876,2456,2000],{"className":2457,"style":2458},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.109em;",[1876,2460,1967],{"className":2461},[2325],[1876,2463,1971],{"className":2464},[2042],[1876,2466,1945],{"className":2467},[2252],[1876,2469],{"className":2470,"style":2260},[1947],[1876,2472,2474,2478],{"className":2473},[2042],[1876,2475,2012],{"className":2476,"style":2477},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.0359em;",[1876,2479,2481],{"className":2480},[2051],[1876,2482,2484],{"className":2483},[2055],[1876,2485,2487],{"className":2486},[2060],[1876,2488,2491],{"className":2489,"style":2490},[2064],"height:0.8641em;",[1876,2492,2493,2496],{"style":2086},[1876,2494],{"className":2495,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2497,2499],{"className":2498},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2500,2015],{"className":2501},[2042,2080],[1876,2503,1984],{"className":2504},[2389],[1876,2506,2020],{"className":2507},[2042],[1865,2509,2510],{},"The same latent index governs whether the limit is reached and the positive amount. Scholarship-related earnings may instead involve separate work-participation and wage processes. A two-part model can be more interpretable:",[2512,2513,2514,2611,2719],"ol",{},[2515,2516,2517,2518,2610],"li",{},"model ",[1876,2519,2521,2552],{"className":2520},[1883],[1876,2522,2524],{"className":2523},[1887],[1889,2525,2526],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,2527,2528,2549],{},[1897,2529,2530,2533,2535,2537,2540,2542,2545,2547],{},[1903,2531,2532],{},"P",[1910,2534,1967],{"stretchy":1966},[1903,2536,1905],{},[1910,2538,2539],{},">",[1969,2541,1971],{},[1910,2543,2544],{},"∣",[1903,2546,1920],{},[1910,2548,1984],{"stretchy":1966},[2022,2550,2551],{"encoding":2024},"P(Y>0\\mid X)",[1876,2553,2555,2580,2598],{"className":2554,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,2556,2558,2561,2565,2568,2571,2574,2577],{"className":2557},[2033],[1876,2559],{"className":2560,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,2562,2532],{"className":2563,"style":2564},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.1389em;",[1876,2566,1967],{"className":2567},[2325],[1876,2569,1905],{"className":2570,"style":2047},[2042,2046],[1876,2572],{"className":2573,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2575,2539],{"className":2576},[2118],[1876,2578],{"className":2579,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2581,2583,2586,2589,2592,2595],{"className":2582},[2033],[1876,2584],{"className":2585,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,2587,1971],{"className":2588},[2042],[1876,2590],{"className":2591,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2593,2544],{"className":2594},[2118],[1876,2596],{"className":2597,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2599,2601,2604,2607],{"className":2600},[2033],[1876,2602],{"className":2603,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,2605,1920],{"className":2606,"style":2135},[2042,2046],[1876,2608,1984],{"className":2609},[2389],";",[2515,2612,2517,2613,2610],{},[1876,2614,2616,2651],{"className":2615},[1883],[1876,2617,2619],{"className":2618},[1887],[1889,2620,2621],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,2622,2623,2648],{},[1897,2624,2625,2628,2631,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641,2643,2645],{},[1903,2626,2627],{},"E",[1910,2629,2630],{"stretchy":1966},"[",[1903,2632,1905],{},[1910,2634,2544],{},[1903,2636,1905],{},[1910,2638,2539],{},[1969,2640,1971],{},[1910,2642,1945],{"separator":1944},[1903,2644,1920],{},[1910,2646,2647],{"stretchy":1966},"]",[2022,2649,2650],{"encoding":2024},"E[Y\\mid Y>0,X]",[1876,2652,2654,2679,2698],{"className":2653,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,2655,2657,2660,2664,2667,2670,2673,2676],{"className":2656},[2033],[1876,2658],{"className":2659,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,2661,2627],{"className":2662,"style":2663},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.0576em;",[1876,2665,2630],{"className":2666},[2325],[1876,2668,1905],{"className":2669,"style":2047},[2042,2046],[1876,2671],{"className":2672,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2674,2544],{"className":2675},[2118],[1876,2677],{"className":2678,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2680,2682,2686,2689,2692,2695],{"className":2681},[2033],[1876,2683],{"className":2684,"style":2685},[2037],"height:0.7224em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;",[1876,2687,1905],{"className":2688,"style":2047},[2042,2046],[1876,2690],{"className":2691,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2693,2539],{"className":2694},[2118],[1876,2696],{"className":2697,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2699,2701,2704,2707,2710,2713,2716],{"className":2700},[2033],[1876,2702],{"className":2703,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,2705,1971],{"className":2706},[2042],[1876,2708,1945],{"className":2709},[2252],[1876,2711],{"className":2712,"style":2260},[1947],[1876,2714,1920],{"className":2715,"style":2135},[2042,2046],[1876,2717,2647],{"className":2718},[2389],[2515,2720,2721,2722,2020],{},"combine them for ",[1876,2723,2725,2749],{"className":2724},[1883],[1876,2726,2728],{"className":2727},[1887],[1889,2729,2730],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,2731,2732,2746],{},[1897,2733,2734,2736,2738,2740,2742,2744],{},[1903,2735,2627],{},[1910,2737,2630],{"stretchy":1966},[1903,2739,1905],{},[1910,2741,2544],{},[1903,2743,1920],{},[1910,2745,2647],{"stretchy":1966},[2022,2747,2748],{"encoding":2024},"E[Y\\mid X]",[1876,2750,2752,2776],{"className":2751,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,2753,2755,2758,2761,2764,2767,2770,2773],{"className":2754},[2033],[1876,2756],{"className":2757,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,2759,2627],{"className":2760,"style":2663},[2042,2046],[1876,2762,2630],{"className":2763},[2325],[1876,2765,1905],{"className":2766,"style":2047},[2042,2046],[1876,2768],{"className":2769,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2771,2544],{"className":2772},[2118],[1876,2774],{"className":2775,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2777,2779,2782,2785],{"className":2778},[2033],[1876,2780],{"className":2781,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,2783,1920],{"className":2784,"style":2135},[2042,2046],[1876,2786,2647],{"className":2787},[2389],[1865,2789,2790],{},"Neither model automatically identifies the causal effect of scholarship receipt.",[1793,2792,2794],{"id":2793},"sample-selection-is-about-unobserved-outcomes","Sample selection is about unobserved outcomes",[1865,2796,2797],{},"Suppose wages are observed only for employed graduates. Comparing observed wages estimates an effect among selected employed groups, whose composition may itself change with treatment.",[1865,2799,2800],{},"A classical selection model writes",[1876,2802,2804],{"className":2803},[1879],[1876,2805,2807,2885],{"className":2806},[1883],[1876,2808,2810],{"className":2809},[1887],[1889,2811,2812],{"xmlns":1891,"display":1892},[1894,2813,2814,2882],{},[1897,2815,2816,2825,2827,2836,2839,2841,2848,2850,2853,2859,2861,2864,2866,2874,2876,2878,2880],{},[1900,2817,2818,2821,2823],{},[1903,2819,2820],{},"S",[1903,2822,1908],{},[1910,2824,1912],{},[1910,2826,1915],{},[1900,2828,2829,2832,2834],{},[1903,2830,2831],{},"Z",[1903,2833,1908],{},[1910,2835,1927],{"mathvariant":1925,"lspace":1926,"rspace":1926},[1903,2837,2838],{},"γ",[1910,2840,1933],{},[1935,2842,2843,2846],{},[1903,2844,2845],{},"v",[1903,2847,1908],{},[1910,2849,1945],{"separator":1944},[1947,2851],{"width":2852},"1em",[1935,2854,2855,2857],{},[1903,2856,2820],{},[1903,2858,1908],{},[1910,2860,1915],{},[1969,2862,2863],{},"1",[1910,2865,1967],{"stretchy":1966},[1900,2867,2868,2870,2872],{},[1903,2869,2820],{},[1903,2871,1908],{},[1910,2873,1912],{},[1910,2875,2539],{},[1969,2877,1971],{},[1910,2879,1984],{"stretchy":1966},[1910,2881,1945],{"separator":1944},[2022,2883,2884],{"encoding":2024},"S_i^*=Z_i'\\gamma+v_i,\\quad S_i=1(S_i^*>0),",[1876,2886,2888,2955,3030,3137,3209],{"className":2887,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,2889,2891,2894,2946,2949,2952],{"className":2890},[2033],[1876,2892],{"className":2893,"style":2038},[2037],[1876,2895,2897,2900],{"className":2896},[2042],[1876,2898,2820],{"className":2899,"style":2663},[2042,2046],[1876,2901,2903],{"className":2902},[2051],[1876,2904,2906,2938],{"className":2905},[2055,2056],[1876,2907,2909,2935],{"className":2908},[2060],[1876,2910,2912,2924],{"className":2911,"style":2065},[2064],[1876,2913,2915,2918],{"style":2914},"top:-2.453em;margin-left:-0.0576em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,2916],{"className":2917,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2919,2921],{"className":2920},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2922,1908],{"className":2923},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2925,2926,2929],{"style":2086},[1876,2927],{"className":2928,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2930,2932],{"className":2931},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2933,1912],{"className":2934},[2096,2080],[1876,2936,2101],{"className":2937},[2100],[1876,2939,2941],{"className":2940},[2060],[1876,2942,2944],{"className":2943,"style":2108},[2064],[1876,2945],{},[1876,2947],{"className":2948,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2950,1915],{"className":2951},[2118],[1876,2953],{"className":2954,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,2956,2958,2961,3017,3021,3024,3027],{"className":2957},[2033],[1876,2959],{"className":2960,"style":2128},[2037],[1876,2962,2964,2968],{"className":2963},[2042],[1876,2965,2831],{"className":2966,"style":2967},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.0715em;",[1876,2969,2971],{"className":2970},[2051],[1876,2972,2974,3009],{"className":2973},[2055,2056],[1876,2975,2977,3006],{"className":2976},[2060],[1876,2978,2980,2992],{"className":2979,"style":2148},[2064],[1876,2981,2983,2986],{"style":2982},"top:-2.453em;margin-left:-0.0715em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,2984],{"className":2985,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2987,2989],{"className":2988},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,2990,1908],{"className":2991},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,2993,2994,2997],{"style":2086},[1876,2995],{"className":2996,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,2998,3000],{"className":2999},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3001,3003],{"className":3002},[2042,2080],[1876,3004,1927],{"className":3005},[2042,2080],[1876,3007,2101],{"className":3008},[2100],[1876,3010,3012],{"className":3011},[2060],[1876,3013,3015],{"className":3014,"style":2108},[2064],[1876,3016],{},[1876,3018,2838],{"className":3019,"style":3020},[2042,2046],"margin-right:0.0556em;",[1876,3022],{"className":3023,"style":2047},[1947],[1876,3025,1933],{"className":3026},[2096],[1876,3028],{"className":3029,"style":2047},[1947],[1876,3031,3033,3036,3077,3080,3084,3087,3128,3131,3134],{"className":3032},[2033],[1876,3034],{"className":3035,"style":2205},[2037],[1876,3037,3039,3042],{"className":3038},[2042],[1876,3040,2845],{"className":3041,"style":2477},[2042,2046],[1876,3043,3045],{"className":3044},[2051],[1876,3046,3048,3069],{"className":3047},[2055,2056],[1876,3049,3051,3066],{"className":3050},[2060],[1876,3052,3054],{"className":3053,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,3055,3057,3060],{"style":3056},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0359em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,3058],{"className":3059,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3061,3063],{"className":3062},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3064,1908],{"className":3065},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3067,2101],{"className":3068},[2100],[1876,3070,3072],{"className":3071},[2060],[1876,3073,3075],{"className":3074,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,3076],{},[1876,3078,1945],{"className":3079},[2252],[1876,3081],{"className":3082,"style":3083},[1947],"margin-right:1em;",[1876,3085],{"className":3086,"style":2260},[1947],[1876,3088,3090,3093],{"className":3089},[2042],[1876,3091,2820],{"className":3092,"style":2663},[2042,2046],[1876,3094,3096],{"className":3095},[2051],[1876,3097,3099,3120],{"className":3098},[2055,2056],[1876,3100,3102,3117],{"className":3101},[2060],[1876,3103,3105],{"className":3104,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,3106,3108,3111],{"style":3107},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0576em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,3109],{"className":3110,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3112,3114],{"className":3113},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3115,1908],{"className":3116},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3118,2101],{"className":3119},[2100],[1876,3121,3123],{"className":3122},[2060],[1876,3124,3126],{"className":3125,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,3127],{},[1876,3129],{"className":3130,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3132,1915],{"className":3133},[2118],[1876,3135],{"className":3136,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3138,3140,3143,3146,3149,3200,3203,3206],{"className":3139},[2033],[1876,3141],{"className":3142,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,3144,2863],{"className":3145},[2042],[1876,3147,1967],{"className":3148},[2325],[1876,3150,3152,3155],{"className":3151},[2042],[1876,3153,2820],{"className":3154,"style":2663},[2042,2046],[1876,3156,3158],{"className":3157},[2051],[1876,3159,3161,3192],{"className":3160},[2055,2056],[1876,3162,3164,3189],{"className":3163},[2060],[1876,3165,3167,3178],{"className":3166,"style":2065},[2064],[1876,3168,3169,3172],{"style":2914},[1876,3170],{"className":3171,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3173,3175],{"className":3174},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3176,1908],{"className":3177},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3179,3180,3183],{"style":2086},[1876,3181],{"className":3182,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3184,3186],{"className":3185},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3187,1912],{"className":3188},[2096,2080],[1876,3190,2101],{"className":3191},[2100],[1876,3193,3195],{"className":3194},[2060],[1876,3196,3198],{"className":3197,"style":2108},[2064],[1876,3199],{},[1876,3201],{"className":3202,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3204,2539],{"className":3205},[2118],[1876,3207],{"className":3208,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3210,3212,3215,3218,3221],{"className":3211},[2033],[1876,3213],{"className":3214,"style":2317},[2037],[1876,3216,1971],{"className":3217},[2042],[1876,3219,1984],{"className":3220},[2389],[1876,3222,1945],{"className":3223},[2252],[1865,3225,3226,3227,3451,3452,3545,3546,3616,3617,3687,3688,3695],{},"and observes ",[1876,3228,3230,3268],{"className":3229},[1883],[1876,3231,3233],{"className":3232},[1887],[1889,3234,3235],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,3236,3237,3265],{},[1897,3238,3239,3245,3247,3255,3257,3259],{},[1935,3240,3241,3243],{},[1903,3242,1905],{},[1903,3244,1908],{},[1910,3246,1915],{},[1900,3248,3249,3251,3253],{},[1903,3250,1920],{},[1903,3252,1908],{},[1910,3254,1927],{"mathvariant":1925,"lspace":1926,"rspace":1926},[1903,3256,1930],{},[1910,3258,1933],{},[1935,3260,3261,3263],{},[1903,3262,1939],{},[1903,3264,1908],{},[2022,3266,3267],{"encoding":2024},"Y_i=X_i'\\beta+u_i",[1876,3269,3271,3327,3404],{"className":3270,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,3272,3274,3278,3318,3321,3324],{"className":3273},[2033],[1876,3275],{"className":3276,"style":3277},[2037],"height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[1876,3279,3281,3284],{"className":3280},[2042],[1876,3282,1905],{"className":3283,"style":2047},[2042,2046],[1876,3285,3287],{"className":3286},[2051],[1876,3288,3290,3310],{"className":3289},[2055,2056],[1876,3291,3293,3307],{"className":3292},[2060],[1876,3294,3296],{"className":3295,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,3297,3298,3301],{"style":2281},[1876,3299],{"className":3300,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3302,3304],{"className":3303},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3305,1908],{"className":3306},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3308,2101],{"className":3309},[2100],[1876,3311,3313],{"className":3312},[2060],[1876,3314,3316],{"className":3315,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,3317],{},[1876,3319],{"className":3320,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3322,1915],{"className":3323},[2118],[1876,3325],{"className":3326,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3328,3330,3334,3392,3395,3398,3401],{"className":3329},[2033],[1876,3331],{"className":3332,"style":3333},[2037],"height:1.0106em;vertical-align:-0.2587em;",[1876,3335,3337,3340],{"className":3336},[2042],[1876,3338,1920],{"className":3339,"style":2135},[2042,2046],[1876,3341,3343],{"className":3342},[2051],[1876,3344,3346,3383],{"className":3345},[2055,2056],[1876,3347,3349,3380],{"className":3348},[2060],[1876,3350,3353,3365],{"className":3351,"style":3352},[2064],"height:0.7519em;",[1876,3354,3356,3359],{"style":3355},"top:-2.4413em;margin-left:-0.0785em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,3357],{"className":3358,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3360,3362],{"className":3361},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3363,1908],{"className":3364},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3366,3368,3371],{"style":3367},"top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;",[1876,3369],{"className":3370,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3372,3374],{"className":3373},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3375,3377],{"className":3376},[2042,2080],[1876,3378,1927],{"className":3379},[2042,2080],[1876,3381,2101],{"className":3382},[2100],[1876,3384,3386],{"className":3385},[2060],[1876,3387,3390],{"className":3388,"style":3389},[2064],"height:0.2587em;",[1876,3391],{},[1876,3393,1930],{"className":3394,"style":2189},[2042,2046],[1876,3396],{"className":3397,"style":2047},[1947],[1876,3399,1933],{"className":3400},[2096],[1876,3402],{"className":3403,"style":2047},[1947],[1876,3405,3407,3411],{"className":3406},[2033],[1876,3408],{"className":3409,"style":3410},[2037],"height:0.5806em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[1876,3412,3414,3417],{"className":3413},[2042],[1876,3415,1939],{"className":3416},[2042,2046],[1876,3418,3420],{"className":3419},[2051],[1876,3421,3423,3443],{"className":3422},[2055,2056],[1876,3424,3426,3440],{"className":3425},[2060],[1876,3427,3429],{"className":3428,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,3430,3431,3434],{"style":2227},[1876,3432],{"className":3433,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3435,3437],{"className":3436},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3438,1908],{"className":3439},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3441,2101],{"className":3442},[2100],[1876,3444,3446],{"className":3445},[2060],[1876,3447,3449],{"className":3448,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,3450],{}," only when ",[1876,3453,3455,3477],{"className":3454},[1883],[1876,3456,3458],{"className":3457},[1887],[1889,3459,3460],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,3461,3462,3474],{},[1897,3463,3464,3470,3472],{},[1935,3465,3466,3468],{},[1903,3467,2820],{},[1903,3469,1908],{},[1910,3471,1915],{},[1969,3473,2863],{},[2022,3475,3476],{"encoding":2024},"S_i=1",[1876,3478,3480,3535],{"className":3479,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,3481,3483,3486,3526,3529,3532],{"className":3482},[2033],[1876,3484],{"className":3485,"style":3277},[2037],[1876,3487,3489,3492],{"className":3488},[2042],[1876,3490,2820],{"className":3491,"style":2663},[2042,2046],[1876,3493,3495],{"className":3494},[2051],[1876,3496,3498,3518],{"className":3497},[2055,2056],[1876,3499,3501,3515],{"className":3500},[2060],[1876,3502,3504],{"className":3503,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,3505,3506,3509],{"style":3107},[1876,3507],{"className":3508,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3510,3512],{"className":3511},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3513,1908],{"className":3514},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3516,2101],{"className":3517},[2100],[1876,3519,3521],{"className":3520},[2060],[1876,3522,3524],{"className":3523,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,3525],{},[1876,3527],{"className":3528,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3530,1915],{"className":3531},[2118],[1876,3533],{"className":3534,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3536,3538,3542],{"className":3537},[2033],[1876,3539],{"className":3540,"style":3541},[2037],"height:0.6444em;",[1876,3543,2863],{"className":3544},[2042],", allowing ",[1876,3547,3549,3567],{"className":3548},[1883],[1876,3550,3552],{"className":3551},[1887],[1889,3553,3554],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,3555,3556,3564],{},[1897,3557,3558],{},[1935,3559,3560,3562],{},[1903,3561,1939],{},[1903,3563,1908],{},[2022,3565,3566],{"encoding":2024},"u_i",[1876,3568,3570],{"className":3569,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,3571,3573,3576],{"className":3572},[2033],[1876,3574],{"className":3575,"style":3410},[2037],[1876,3577,3579,3582],{"className":3578},[2042],[1876,3580,1939],{"className":3581},[2042,2046],[1876,3583,3585],{"className":3584},[2051],[1876,3586,3588,3608],{"className":3587},[2055,2056],[1876,3589,3591,3605],{"className":3590},[2060],[1876,3592,3594],{"className":3593,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,3595,3596,3599],{"style":2227},[1876,3597],{"className":3598,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3600,3602],{"className":3601},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3603,1908],{"className":3604},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3606,2101],{"className":3607},[2100],[1876,3609,3611],{"className":3610},[2060],[1876,3612,3614],{"className":3613,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,3615],{}," and ",[1876,3618,3620,3638],{"className":3619},[1883],[1876,3621,3623],{"className":3622},[1887],[1889,3624,3625],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,3626,3627,3635],{},[1897,3628,3629],{},[1935,3630,3631,3633],{},[1903,3632,2845],{},[1903,3634,1908],{},[2022,3636,3637],{"encoding":2024},"v_i",[1876,3639,3641],{"className":3640,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,3642,3644,3647],{"className":3643},[2033],[1876,3645],{"className":3646,"style":3410},[2037],[1876,3648,3650,3653],{"className":3649},[2042],[1876,3651,2845],{"className":3652,"style":2477},[2042,2046],[1876,3654,3656],{"className":3655},[2051],[1876,3657,3659,3679],{"className":3658},[2055,2056],[1876,3660,3662,3676],{"className":3661},[2060],[1876,3663,3665],{"className":3664,"style":2224},[2064],[1876,3666,3667,3670],{"style":3056},[1876,3668],{"className":3669,"style":2073},[2072],[1876,3671,3673],{"className":3672},[2077,2078,2079,2080],[1876,3674,1908],{"className":3675},[2042,2046,2080],[1876,3677,2101],{"className":3678},[2100],[1876,3680,3682],{"className":3681},[2060],[1876,3683,3685],{"className":3684,"style":2246},[2064],[1876,3686],{}," to correlate. ",[3689,3690,3694],"a",{"href":3691,"rel":3692},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F1912352",[3693],"nofollow","Heckman (1979)"," provides the canonical correction.",[1865,3697,3698,3699,3728],{},"Credibility usually needs an exclusion variable in ",[1876,3700,3702,3715],{"className":3701},[1883],[1876,3703,3705],{"className":3704},[1887],[1889,3706,3707],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,3708,3709,3713],{},[1897,3710,3711],{},[1903,3712,2831],{},[2022,3714,2831],{"encoding":2024},[1876,3716,3718],{"className":3717,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,3719,3721,3725],{"className":3720},[2033],[1876,3722],{"className":3723,"style":3724},[2037],"height:0.6833em;",[1876,3726,2831],{"className":3727,"style":2967},[2042,2046]," that shifts observation or participation but not the outcome directly. Functional-form nonlinearity alone is a weak foundation.",[1793,3730,3732],{"id":3731},"a-selection-example","A selection example",[1798,3734,3735,3749],{},[1801,3736,3737],{},[1804,3738,3739,3742,3746],{},[1807,3740,3741],{},"Offer group",[1807,3743,3745],{"align":3744},"right","Employment",[1807,3747,3748],{"align":3744},"Mean wage if employed",[1817,3750,3751,3762],{},[1804,3752,3753,3756,3759],{},[1822,3754,3755],{},"offered",[1822,3757,3758],{"align":3744},"80%",[1822,3760,3761],{"align":3744},"£31,000",[1804,3763,3764,3767,3770],{},[1822,3765,3766],{},"not offered",[1822,3768,3769],{"align":3744},"60%",[1822,3771,3772],{"align":3744},"£32,000",[1865,3774,3775],{},"The −£1,000 observed-wage gap does not show that offers reduce wages. The offer may bring lower-potential earners into employment, changing who has an observed wage. Report employment, unconditional earnings where meaningful, and bounds or sensitivity for the selected outcome.",[1793,3777,3779],{"id":3778},"attrition-belongs-in-the-causal-graph","Attrition belongs in the causal graph",[1865,3781,3782,3783,3811,3812,3863],{},"If follow-up response ",[1876,3784,3786,3799],{"className":3785},[1883],[1876,3787,3789],{"className":3788},[1887],[1889,3790,3791],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,3792,3793,3797],{},[1897,3794,3795],{},[1903,3796,2820],{},[2022,3798,2820],{"encoding":2024},[1876,3800,3802],{"className":3801,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,3803,3805,3808],{"className":3804},[2033],[1876,3806],{"className":3807,"style":3724},[2037],[1876,3809,2820],{"className":3810,"style":2663},[2042,2046]," is affected by treatment and outcome determinants, conditioning on ",[1876,3813,3815,3833],{"className":3814},[1883],[1876,3816,3818],{"className":3817},[1887],[1889,3819,3820],{"xmlns":1891},[1894,3821,3822,3830],{},[1897,3823,3824,3826,3828],{},[1903,3825,2820],{},[1910,3827,1915],{},[1969,3829,2863],{},[2022,3831,3832],{"encoding":2024},"S=1",[1876,3834,3836,3854],{"className":3835,"ariaHidden":1944},[2029],[1876,3837,3839,3842,3845,3848,3851],{"className":3838},[2033],[1876,3840],{"className":3841,"style":3724},[2037],[1876,3843,2820],{"className":3844,"style":2663},[2042,2046],[1876,3846],{"className":3847,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3849,1915],{"className":3850},[2118],[1876,3852],{"className":3853,"style":2114},[1947],[1876,3855,3857,3860],{"className":3856},[2033],[1876,3858],{"className":3859,"style":3541},[2037],[1876,3861,2863],{"className":3862},[2042]," can induce selection bias. A practical sequence is:",[2512,3865,3866,3869,3872,3875,3878,3881],{},[2515,3867,3868],{},"report response by assignment arm;",[2515,3870,3871],{},"compare pre-treatment predictors of response;",[2515,3873,3874],{},"state whether missingness is plausibly independent, conditionally independent or non-ignorable;",[2515,3876,3877],{},"use weighting\u002Fimputation only under explicit assumptions;",[2515,3879,3880],{},"add worst-case, Lee-style or other justified bounds where possible;",[2515,3882,3883],{},"keep the full-sample ITT estimand visible.",[1793,3885,3887],{"id":3886},"quick-check","Quick check",[1865,3889,3890],{},"Every non-employed graduate is assigned wage zero. Is this wrong?",[3892,3893,3895],"legacy-details",{"title":3894},"Answer","It depends on the estimand. Zero is valid for annual labour earnings if non-employment truly means no labour earnings during the window. It is invalid for the offered wage rate, which is undefined or unobserved without employment. Define the outcome before coding.",[1865,3897,3898],{},[3689,3899,3901],{"href":3900},"..\u002F05-modern-causal\u002F","Next module: Modern Causal Analysis",{"title":10,"searchDepth":3903,"depth":3903,"links":3904},2,[3905,3906,3907,3908,3909,3910],{"id":1795,"depth":3903,"text":1796},{"id":1870,"depth":3903,"text":1871},{"id":2793,"depth":3903,"text":2794},{"id":3731,"depth":3903,"text":3732},{"id":3778,"depth":3903,"text":3779},{"id":3886,"depth":3903,"text":3887},"Separate observed limits from sample inclusion and make selection corrections depend on credible exclusion information","md",{},true,{"title":648,"description":3911},"b1-4lqhZJmRYa0oK1DfDgcGz2qAudJbjnrUY9ZLvThI",[3918,3920],{"title":644,"path":645,"stem":646,"description":3919,"children":-1},"Model event rates with exposure, interpret multiplicative effects and diagnose dispersion and excess zeros",{"title":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"description":3921,"children":-1},"Use flexible prediction, heterogeneity, sensitivity and transportability without weakening identification discipline",1785754729490]